| The aesthetics of Xie Lingyun is a complete idea system which is deeply rooted in the landscape aesthetics and flourished in the garden aesthetics. The foundation of this aesthetic idea owns to the development of talent and characteristics as the main part under the metaphysical background, the influence of the immortal thoughts from Taoist and Sukhavati faith from Buddhist.The accentuation on the Mingjiao on the late Han Dynasty made morality alienation. The rising of metaphysics, to some extent, could be a reaction of this situation and also a return of original natural life. Thus, the factor of talent and characteristics of Wei and Jin scholars could be highlighted. Under the circumstance, Xie Lingyun was deeply influenced by metaphysics and his aesthetic idea, which was deeply rooted in the talent and characteristics. On one hand, he showed the talent of literature, on the other hand he absorbed the landscape into a part of natural life. During expressing his talent of literature, Xie Lingyun expressed the nature of landscape, also he realized the talent of literature through realization the nature of landscape, the nature of landscape and the talent literature had correspondent to each other. Thus Xie Lingyun's life could be completely open. On this basis, Xie Lingyun observed the landscape with aesthetic vision. He could get rid of the shackles of the production, entertainment, and moral, restored the real tenants of the natural landscape, and formed natural, fresh landscape aesthetics.As to the aesthetic object, Xie Lingyun, on the one hand, put forward clearly that the beautiful landscape from nature is objective. He thought that aesthetic subject was unrelated to the natural beauty, thus it became apparent that the natural beauty was independent from the aesthetic object. Under the premise that natural beauty was objective, Xie Lingyun supposed that landscape was beautiful everywhere. On the other hand, Xie Lingyun also introduced the emotion of aesthetic subject into natural landscape, so that the natural landscape became one of the interests of the aesthetic subject. As to the aesthetic method, Xie Lingyun presented the idea of "Zhen Guan Jue Mei". he undertook a normal state and upright attitude to reflect the landscape of the natural beauty. With compared to forget images once the idea has been obtained in Metaphysics, he pursued the combination of the outlook and the real meanings, thus restored the original beauty of natural landscape.The desire of Taoist to live a long life makes priests pay more attention on the natural landscape in the real world, which is supposed to help them on the religious training, and lead to the formation of unique landscape concept. The Xie clan of Eastern Jin Dynasty worships the Tian-shi Taoism, known as an idol of Taoism. Therefore, Xie Lingyun was deeply influenced by the idea of Taoism. Under the influence of Taoist's emphasis on natural landscape ideas, Xie Lingyun, on one hand, picked up herbs and conducted alchemy in the mountain forests, hoping that Taoism could save his decadent year. On the other hand, he was looking for paradise on earth with his unique aesthetic perspective in the landscape, exploring the landscape aesthetics level that would lead to the negotiation between natural landscape and paradise. He lead the wonderland into real life, formed the landscape with wonderland aesthetic ideology. Xie Lingyun transferred the Ge Hong's motto "Taoist must live in forests" into "Taoist was suitable to live in forests", the life in landscape became vividly. Xie Lingyun carried forward the heritage of Ge Hong's "fairy tale" life aesthetic ideal, and lead to the aesthetics landscape of Tao Hongjing, so called the paradise, making great contribution to the development of Taoist landscape aesthetics.The concept of Sukhavati of Buddhist was widely accepted by Chinese at that time. Xie Lingyun's life integrated with Buddhism. He widely contacted with famous Buddhism monk, studied Sutra, mastered Buddhist scriptures, advocated epiphany doctrine and played his own literary nature to carry forward Buddhism. And Xie Lingyun admired Hui yuan, who was the ancestor of Nichiren, thus he also accepted the concept of Sukhavati. According to the Buddhist theory, the western paradise only existed in the other world. However, Xie Lingyun tended to achieve Sukhavati in the corrupt world through the methods of building a garden with his creativity. Therefore, the concept of Sukhavati was melt into his landscape aesthetics.In the process of Xie Lingyun's living in the Shining Manor, he got rid of a simple purpose of hiding in forests. Under the influence of landscape aesthetics of metaphysics, Taoism and Buddhism, Xie Lingyun constructed the landscape garden, through the landscape topography, terrain and vegetation. Xie Lingyun expanded his Grandfather Xie Xuan's Che-qi Manor Southern Park of Shining Manor, and created Northern Park. He developed the hermit's passively hiding in mountain into actively living in landscape garden. The mountainous villas and gardens constructed by Xie Lingyun were material carriers of his landscape aesthetics.Firstly, Xie Lingyun summarized the ways of seclusion before the Jin and Song in the Shan-Ju Fu. And according to environmental conditions, he divided into four ways: hiding in the cave, living in the mountain, living in the village and living next to the city. He opened the Chinese literati garden classification first sound. Xie Lingyun discriminated the mind from the circumstance, which dicussed the relationship between the form and nature of garden, expressing the idea of paying attention to the interior mind and exterior circumstance. Consequently, the landscape was the main part of Chinese garden, and the discussion opened the door to the mind for the development of ancient Chinese landscape garden. Gardens in Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasty meeted the owner's production, hunting, ritual needs. Xie Lingyun's langscape garden was turned from practical function into a virtual spiritual thought. And escape from city and living in mountains was the ancient Chinese garden soul. With the mind of seclusion, Xie Lingyun's garden reflected a fresh, deep aesthetic taste.In terms of selection of the location, Xie Lingyun proposed the aesthetic proposition of ZhouYuan beauty of landscape garden. Xie Lingyun expressed his pursuit for the beauty of landscape environment. Under the circumstance of landscape aesthetics, Xie Lingyun's location was surrounded by rivers and mountains, which constituted a ring, multi-level enclosure landscape system.In landscape architecture, the buildings were constructed due to the natural landscape topograph. So the buildings were interspersed with mountains and rivers. Xie Lingyun did not pay attention to the architectural forms in Shining Manor, but payed attention to the relationship between architecture and environment. He thought architectural beauty come from the relationship between the building and environment. Although the buildings were constructed in a simple and unadorned way, but simple and unadorned construction was not on behalf of no decoration. Through his use of light and shadow as decoration materials, Xie Lingyun integrated the natural beauty and architectural aesthetics, aiming at decorating buidings from "borrowing" natural ornamental materials. In addition, the buildings of garden in Han Dynasty which provided entertainment, architectural space, were changed into harmony with the landscape environment to get along with architectural space, which is the first change of relationship between scholar and landscape aesthetics. This change has become the beginning of the aesthetics of landscape architecture.Xie Lingyun paid great attention to architectural tour path plan when studying the layout of the Mountain Home construction. He designed the paths between the north and south planning to enjoy the landscape of moving lines. In this mountain and lake, natural and artificial alternating path of transformation, Xie Lingyun were full with floating and tortuous senses of real experience in the lake and the mountains.When it comes to the garden plants and animals, Xie Lingyun observed the flora and fauna of the mountains with the aesthetic approach of Zhen guan Jue mei. In his Shanju Fu, he wrote the aesthetic interest and vitality of flora and fauna in the truthful way. The tree lush in his landscape garden, filled with fruits, full of kinds of scents, showed the beauty of a landscape.On the one hand, Xie Lingyun appreciated the untamed vitality of animal life in the mountains; on the other hand, he experienced the quiet and free life with nature. Xie Lingyun not only discovered the beauty of Shining Manor, but also found that the loveliness of the flora and fauna. Xie Lingyun's appreciation of the flora and fauna of the mountains, in fact, was the true expression of his life taste, identity and sense through the natural life forms.Xie Lingyun out of the envy of the immortals would have a yearning for immortal life environment. He selected living environment which was surrounded by the fairyland in Tiantai Mountain, Tongbai Mountain and Kuaiji Mountain, thus formed a fictional landscape and fairy living environment. It is noteworthy that the mountain buildings which Xie Lingyun constructed in Shining Manor were mostly located at mountain peak. Poet resided in the high, quiet circumstance, hoped to break away from the fetters of the world more thoroughly. And the mountain peaks were close to fairyland, so the circumstance increased the possibility of turning into a immortal man. Such attempts to creating the concept of fairyland with the background of natural mountains and rivers, apparently contained the affirmation of the natural beauty of mountains and rivers. It is no doubt that Xie Lingyun was influenced by Taoism. The landscape aesthetics of the Xie Lingyun had the religious flavor. Abode buildings in Shining Manor reflected his aesthetics of Sukhavati. Xie Lingyun located abode site in order to create the natural landscape of the Buddhist "Pure Land", with looking similar to the Vulture Peak to creat a quiet, wonderful religious atmosphere. At the same time, he layed out the abode buildings in athe axis control and courtyard ways. Abode buildings combined with the natural mountains met the requirements of the solemn atmosphere of the Buddhist architecture. He planed the auditorium against the peak, Chan Shi by cliff to show a religious significance. As a result, Xie Lingyun shaped a clear, quiet, bright and solemn space, which the quiet landscape was in harmony with the mind, thus created an ideal place of enlightenment.Xie Lingyun showed the "natural" meaning of landscape garden in Shan Ju Fu. His natural landscape garden with spiritual sense, has a qualitative difference from those in Han Dynasty. Thus Xie Lingyun felt infinite existence by landscape garden. There is a big difference between the aesthetic ideology of landscape garden and city garden, which the former focused on highlighting the primitive significance of the natural landscape, and the latter pay attention to show the natural meaning from natural landscape.The landscape garden was material carrier of Xie Lingyun's landscape aesthetics. Landscape and life could corresponding to each other, Xie Lingyun could feel the freedom of life in natural and fresh landscape, pursue the long life in the immortal landscape and settled the cycle of life down in tranquil landscape. These constitute the basic spirit of aesthetics of literati gardens. At the same time, owing to Xie Lingyun's landscape aesthetics, natural environment, succinct buildings, flourishing woods and flowers, and wild animals constitute a system of living garden, also formed the basic layout of Chinese ancient literati garden. On the whole, the landscape garden created by Xie Lingyun laid the foundation of aesthetic qualities of natural landscape, and became the starting point of natural landscape of Chinese ancient literati garden.
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