Heaven - Wearing The Original Philosophy Of The East

During the middle Qing dynasty, there is so-called the contention between "the scholarship of Han " with "the scholarship of Song " in the academe, however, the real dominate thought is still the Neo-Confucian school of philosophy of Song & Ming Dynasties, especially the Cheng-zhu's philosophy. In the situation, to recover and illuminate the real original Confucianism, Dai Dong-yuan roused himself to rebut it, and initiated the trend of thought of suspicion and opponency to Cheng-zhu's philosophy. This doctoral dissertation is just a monograph on Dai Dong-yuan' philosophy and some interrelated questions about it.Firstly, based on the abundant details and the logical development of Dong-yuan's philosophy, the dissertation reviews and analyses in detail not only the time of composing of Dong-yuan's main works of philosophy and the relations among them, but also the origin and developing of Dong-yuan's philosophy and so on. So some mistakes of textual research and judgment existed chronically in the academe are corrected.Secondly, the dissertation also reviews and analyses historically the idea of "Qi" and "Qi Hua" and so on, which is the one of principal thought of Chinese philosophy. The author points out that there are many historical and logical relations among Qi, Jing Qi and Yuan Qi though, we must pay attention adequately to the difference among them; moreover, as a theory on Qi Hua which dominates basically the idea on Tian Dao of Confucianism's thought, it is the logical jumping-off point of Dong-yuan's philosophy too, so the opinion that considers Dong-yuan as a monist of Yuan Qi is not true.Thirdly, under the background of historical development of Confucianism and it's main categories, and based on the logical way of Dong-yuan's philosophy which "Ren Dao is derived from the Nature, and the Nature is derived from Tian Dao", the dissertation reviews deeply and systemically Dong-yuan's idea of Tian Dao, theory of Nature and doctrine of Ren Dao. The author indicates that: 1. according to the monism of "Qi hua as Dao", Dong-yuan cleaned completely out the metaphysicality to the traditional categories of Confucianism such as Principle, Nature and so on bythe Confucianists of Song, and he considers, because of under the deep influence of Taoism and Buddhism, these thoughts composed by the Confucianists of Song that the theory on the relation between Principle and Qi, the theory on the relation between Principle and Desire, and the relation between Ben-ti and Gong-fu and so on not only put up the obvious duality, but also take the negative consequences of drawing Confucianism into Taoism and Buddhism. 2. Because of the viewpoint of "the showing up of Nature by the Talents", Dong-yuan probes into the close relation between Nature and Talents, and he points out that it is good of Human Nature owing to the finer Talents of them than others Beings. 3. Based on the idea of that Principle attributed to Nature instead of that Nature attributed to Principle, Dong-yuan also reviews systemically the relations between Nature and Principle, between Principle and Sensibilities, between Principle and Desire, etc. So he animadverts on the theory of relation between Principle and Desire composed by the Confucianists of Song. Finally, the dissertation looks back the historical plight about Dong-yuan's philosophy, and discusses compendiously the evaluation on this thought of philosophy.