| Text-Comprehension is very important to people to obtain knowledge. Several theories have been put forward to explain how the processing is made. Nowadays, the constructionist theory and the memory-based text processing view are two of the most influential theories in text-comprehension.From the mid-1980, the goal information integration in the text was focused on the text-comprehension research. There were different views between two theories. Furthermore, there were also differences within the constructionist theory.The divergences between two theories occurred both in the activation and integration of goal information. The constructionist theory describes the process by which relevant background goal information becomes reactivated as a positive, problem solving process. Whereas in the memory-based text processing view, the process by which relevant background information becomes reactivated is a fast-acting, passive resonance process. It does not specify the integration of goal information.Within the constructionist theory, what kind of information to be reactivated is an important topic. Some research had show that the uncompleted goal information was more available then completed goal information and some to the contrary. Moreover, Some thought the goal in present attention was more available than those in long-term memory.The current research proposed that the divergences between two theories derived from the use of different materials in experiments. The research also suggested the divergences within constructionist theory probably derived from lacking of systematic analysis on the goal-information structure. It was possibly that the model of relevant background goal-information being reactivated in one structure was very different from others.Based on the analysis from prior research of text-comprehension in the west and according to the dual-processing theories proposed by Mo Lei in China, this study assumed that there were at least three kinds of goal-information integration in goal -based text reading, i.e. Reinstatement-integration, Facilitation-integration, and Here -and-now-integration. First, in the text reading with the inclusive relation of goals, relevant background goal-information in long-term memory becomes reactivated though the reinstatement of completed subgoal. Second, in the text reading with the parallel relation of goals, the uncompleted goal facilitates the integration of goal -information in long-term memory. And third, the goal-information in working memory becomes the reading focus to supervise the construction of the protagonist'sgoal-orient behavior in a here-and-now way.Using self-paced moving window display techniques and eye-tracking techniques, five experiments, including sixteen sub-experiments, were designed to test the assumption that the ways in the integration of goal-information varied with the patterns of reading materials. That following is in details.Experiment 1: Research on the Reinstatement-integration of goal-information in long-term memory.Experiment 2: Research on the Facilitation-integration of goal-information in long-term memory.Experiment 3: Research on the predictive inference occurring under control of goal-focus.Experiment 4: Research on the Here-and-now-integration of goal-information under control of goal-focus in working memory (I)Experiment 5: Research on the Here-and-now-integration of goal-information under control of goal-focus in working memory (II)The present research demonstrated that:1. In the text reading with the inclusive relation of goals, the closing signal of goal-information did prime the activation and integration of goal and subgoal. The activation was primed by the closing signal instead of spontaneous processing. In the text reading with the parallel relation of goals, the uncompleted goal information would facilitate the integration of relevant information.2. Under control of reading-focus, when the protagonist's goal was uncompleted, the reader would make predictive inference on...
|
PDF Full Text Request