The Reason And The Exitence Of Plato-Spinoza's Philosophy

The thesis demonstrates the profound meaning and relation of the reason and the existence with the examples of Plato and Spinoza's philosophy. The reason expresses the existence and the existence is the foundation of the reason.Plato's world of the form reveals the true existence pattern from the four different aspects.The real language talk about the existence, the existence is prior to the language, the language (logos) is a kind of action of the existence; the dialectic form reflects the existence activity of the subject by the active negativity, the real wisdom depends on understanding the form of the "good" which is the value and the aim of the existence. The reason (nous) is the original power of the existence, the trans-sensibility of the form is the part of the divinity; the theory of the psyche is the description of the existing circumstances. The death of Socrates is the revelation of the life of the psyche, the philosophy means preparing to die of free will, it is an art of practising death.The immortal psyche is not a fact of the experience, the psyche, namely life, is the power of dominating things and enters into the realm of trans-timing existence of the essence. The inner order of the psyche which impelled by itself is "good".The psyche grasp itself through the reason of the reflex, the "conversion" of the psyche is the way in which the spirit steps into the inner and upwardness from the variable phenomenal world to the true being, the "conversion" is relative to the essence of the "memory", "all of the knowledge are based upon recollecting"; as the aim of the existence, the "good" is absolute, no one has a will of doing evil. The republic ideal is on the base of the form, the subject of the republic is justice and wisdom. The meaning of the republic,the politics and the law toward the being and the psyche, the republic is a kind of construction project of the psyche. The law is the reason and the order, it embodies the freedom of the spirit. The "eros" is an affair relating to the life and the existence, the principle of the love, which transcends the visible shape and communicates the soul of men and women, pursues the good. The experience of the pleasure is related to the psyche, which engenders all the impulse and desire. The justified pleasure correlates with the real being and the false pleasure which imitates the former has no foundation of the being. The pure pleasure which takes the permanent as its object comes from the participation of self-experience of human-being.Spinoza's philosphy system is on the base of a kind of the inner structure of the reflection, which shows: regarding the true idea as the premise of the reflection; in content (the idea of the idea), emerging the activity of the thought; in form, adopting a kind of geometrical demonstrational order. As the absolute object, the substance is the noumenon of the knowledge as well as the base of the ethics, which shows the direction of the human knowledge and the ultimate pursuit of the morality, which can also form an unified world view. By the reflection, man can free himself from slavery in realistic perceptual world and achieve the inner freedom through self-persisting (affirmation).On the whole, Plato and Spinoza's philosophy belong to a kind of classical theory of the existence and exprss the existential meaning on a higher level, the essence contains the impulsion of the existence. The world of the "form" and the substance are the reality and truth upon the sensual world.