Rise And Development Of Revolution In Fiction Circle

"Literary revolution" in late Qing Dynasty is generally regarded as an important component of Bourgeois Reformation, including "amelioration in drama circle", "revolution in prose circle" and "revolution in fiction circle" which is of a crowning achievement and the strongest influence. In the past century, researches of "revolution in fiction circle" turned out to be relatively weak and lacked in researches of itself, with major achievements concerning researches of writers and works. Focusing on the rise and development of "revolution in fiction circle", the Author of the dissertation chooses late-Qing four major fiction periodicals-New Stories, Xiuxiang Stories, Story Monthly, Stories- as the core and analyzes five aspects in production of "revolution in fiction circle": social and history backgrounds; the media dissemination, writers, theory and criticism of fiction, fiction text, which is no doubt the strategy for the evolvement of the subject matter.The production of "revolution in fiction circle" has very complex social and historical backgrounds in late Qing Dynasty. This can find its expression in the following four aspects: first, from the national salvation movement in the upper class to the Enlightenment in the lower class; second, from the abolishment of the imperialist examinations system and the presence of schools and newspaper offices to the Enlightenment in the middle class; third, from the emergence of the embryonic form of civil society to the formation of public fields; fourth, from late-Qing government's publication control to the resistance of all circles and the concession protection of the freedom of press and publication. They are closely related to "revolution in fiction circle"."Revolution in fiction circle" progressed smoothly with the aid of fiction periodicals especially four major fiction periodicals' free founding and wide dissemination. Late-Qing fiction periodicals gradually escaped Qing government's control in the realm of ideology with editors themselves editing and writers themselves writing and translating freely. Periodical fictions' producing mechanism cherishes features of autonomy, profession and commercialization. And fiction periodicals could be adapted to the needs of readers.Writers were composed of "scholars", intellectuals in imperial times, who had received Chinese traditional culture, actively taken in western modern culture and were in the process of converting traditional "scholars" to modern "intellectuals". Large quantities of late-Qing four major fiction periodicals were published with large dissemination range, which took on a radiating state-from coastal areas to inland areas, from cities to towns.Due to late-Qing fiction theorist's strong advocacy and fictionist's active writing and translating, late-Qing traditional fiction concept gradually evolved into modern one. There were all sorts of fiction types. And new types of fiction constantly sprang up. Among them, political fiction, social fiction, historical fiction, short stories and translated fiction turned out to be distinct. Writers created many fictions and translators translated large amount of foreign workings, especially modern fictions from Japan, Europe and America. So a prosperous situation arose in late-Qing fiction circle.