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From Speculation To Revolution: Marx's Inversion Of Hegel's Dialectic

Posted on:2005-04-04Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:F S WangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1115360122999169Subject:Marxist philosophy
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Marx's inversion of Hegel's dialectic was probed into in this paper. Marx has said that dialectic was inverted in Hegel and to find the rational inner core in the mystery outer covering Hegel's dialectic must be inverted. So the problem is real in the research on Marxist dialectic and involves the whole scope that includes Hegel's dialectic, Marx's dialectic and the relation of them.The important reason why the domestic and overseas scholars didn't dissolve the problem is they simplified Hegel. But if we don't understand the real nature of the Hegel's dialectic that Marx inverted, we won't understand Marx's inversion. So I probe into the problem according to the unified principle of history and logic on the base of research on the predecessors in this paper:Paper started from description of the tense modern age that was the history background in which Hegel and Marx act. Modern age was a new era that the Enlightenment ushered. Enlightened thinkers attacked the traditional view about cosmos and human beings with the view about the self- stipulated subject and the world as object. Following modern society controlling the world technically, the Enlightenment gave rise to two basic desires that are relational and contradictory. They are radical moral freedom expressed in an exemplary way by Kant and expressionism developed by Herder. They are contradictory because on one hand expressionism desires unity of man and nature (others and oneself), on the other hand radical freedom is possible only at a price of rupture of human and nature. They are relational because expressionism demands satisfaction which is possible only on one condition: human is free. So unity of them is a main solicitude since the Romantic regards it as mission. Hegel and Marx's dialectic are two different syntheses in this respect.Hegel was attractive by them at the same time. But he didn't understand the contradiction between them in the beginning. According to his viewpoint, the desire for expression and the demand for freedom mean the same thing: man's life must be in the light of his reason and be not in the shadow of external authority. But these views conflicted with extant Christianity. So Hegel in Berne criticized the positivism of Christianity according to these views in the name of moral. However it would be false if someone thought Hegel had opposed Christianity as like Lukács really did, because that Hegel opposed was not Christianity itself but positivism of Christianity. The similar mistake can cancel the problem that is probing into in this paper.Only after Hegel came Frankfurt, he realized the tension between them and revealed it in the paper that probed into essence of Christianity. In the paper, Hegel differentiated the spirit of Christianity from the spirit of Judaism at first. Then Hegel transformed the difference between Moses and Jesus as the difference between Kant and himself on the base of equating the law promulgated by Moses as Kant's ethics. Hegel, like Jesus, couldn't tolerant the rupture made by law. Jesus in Hegel's paper fulfilled law by love. So the contradiction became reconciled. But the reconciliation is substantial and alive only after rupture (Hegel named it as reflection) happened. Synthesis of love and reflection is heightening from finite life to infinite life. Religion is the heightening. It expresses the life development in circle: unity, rupture and unity again. This motion model carries within itself the seeds of Hegel's dialectic. Hegel didn't rest content with the religion as saint mystery. According to his viewpoint, something that can't explain logically must be a thing that isn't understood fully and is external to man. Hence expression logically of synthesis found in religion became Hegel's main job.According to Hegel, philosophy as science must be a system because spirit as infinite life and God must experience a circle if it wants to realize itself. The principle as framework of the system is principle of medium, negative and contradiction: spir...
Keywords/Search Tags:Speculation
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