| Since the trading port opened in 1861, Hankou turned into a modern city from a traditional commerce town. CRB (culture recreation business) followed the changing steps of Hankou social economy structure. CRB's changes, such as organization structures, transition of the relation between players and spectators, establishing of profit reason, and the influence on developing of culture and art in Jianghan Plain, illustrated Hankou's modernization progress. On the macroscopic view of Chinese modernization, the explanation and value of the course of modernization of Hankou CRB is renewed.Hankou developed greatly since late Qing Dynasty, forming a radiated economy culture network which was completely different from the centre of traditional culture, such as Jinzhou, Xiangyang and E-zhou situated at Jinghan Plain in agricultural era. It completely changed the track of the traditional art kinds in Jianghan Plain, Hankou CRB transited from keeping parallel with other towns in Jinghan Plain in Ming and Qing Dynasty to concentrating. All kinds of CRB types began gathering together to Hankou. Some of which couldn't enter into Hankou were repelled out of modernization process, started declining and being eliminated. It caused such a great competition in CBR market that the commodity economy had gained a high-speed development since late Qing Dynasty. This was a real exist competition for any types of CRB, so CRB sorts altered rapidly. An art kind's competition advantages were not determined by its worth of art but were affected by some factors, such as economy level, regional culture characteristics, population structure, political surroundings, etc .As an aspect of city modernization, Hankou CRB had finished its degenerating from tradition fashion into modern one during Minguo period, which was presented in three aspects: First, growth of profit reason changed the concept of value of traditional CRB controlling. Second, the operating method promoted CRB into the market, "Grade Culture Consumption Mode" in ancient society was replaced by "Popular Culture Consumption Mode" in modern society. Third, profit target replaced traditional ethicstarget in CRB organization. Development of the profit subject changed organization's technology of traditional CRB and accelerated modernization of CRB organization. In the procedure, the modern players' association replaced the old Joint Group, managers replaced the traditional masters.From late Qing to Minguo, the administration of the government to CRB experienced a course of discovery and finalization. After the trading port opened, there was public sphere growing in Hankou which was under the government administration. The administrative mode of Hankou government experienced a course to be sleeked, tested, corrected and fixed step by step. Finally, Hankou government established a mode of license-management to CRB.As a part of Chinese city's modernization, the transition of the popular CRB mode from tradition to modern followed the steps of Chinese modernization. With double features of culture (ideology-value) and economy (commerce-value), CRB can offer a special view to observe the process of Chinese city's modernization. The development of CRB was limited by economy level, but as CRB's popularization of spreading mechanism, directness of spreading method, the diversity and generalization of CRB could supply citizen the right of choosing entertainment and art criticizing. They set the literature and art criticism independent from the public power, which benefits the continual growth of public sphere in modern Chinese cities. |
