| Although egyptologists have given a deep research both on "teaching literature" and onthe ideal of "justice" (maot ), they have divergent opinion on the concept and quality of"justice" and "teaching text". So the work that connect them systematically is rare. This paperthinks the two both have ethical nature, regards this as the theoretical foundation, and probesinto the "justice" idea in content of " teaching texts" emphatically. Because the concept of"justice" has not only ethical meaning but also religious nature, so this paper doesn't confinethe study on the ethical aspect totally. We can say, our target is to explain the "justice" idea inteaching texts systematically.To explain the "justice" idea in teaching texts systematically, this paper has investigatedthe "literature genre " firstly in chapter one, surveyed the terms relating to "teaching",summarized the essential feature of teaching texts. Compared with "wisdom literature","teaching texts" is more standered in the aspect of form and content.Chapter two probed into the origin of teaching texts and summarized the generalsituation of each historical periods and their teaching texts. For the origin of teaching texts,we couldn't draw the detailed conclusion, but the existence of "justice" concept, has offeredthe basic background for the origin of teacing texts. The understanding of historicalbackground, make us connect "justice" idea with historical fact and social context, strengthenthe understanding of teaching texts.Chapter three discuss the content of teaching texts, the content is correlated with"justice" of teaching texts actually. Teaching text is not the only material which reflects"justice" idea, in fact, a lot of literature genre in ancient Egypt involved "justice" ideal, butcompared with other literature genre, "teaching" explains in detail that what is "justice" , howto reach "justice". Teaching's precious value lies in that they teach students obversely what"should" be done, most content of teaching texts faces this life. The confession before thejudgement of the dead also transmit "justice" ideal, but the book of the dead points to nextworld and has magic character obviously. The emphases of the autobiography is to show offthe dead has already done "justice" before death .The main content correlated with "justice" in teachings can be summarized: (1) Therespect to the elder and their knowledge reflects another sense of "maot", that is "order";(2)the correct behavior and moral character;(3) the problem of "teach—Accept", in fact it is alsorelating to the course that 'justice' spreads;(4) Some teaching texts bring forward the idealthat "justice" is nessasary in the other world.Chapter four probe into the different content of "justice" in different periods. "justice"(maot ), as a kind of value, to different persons, at different occasions, in different eras, itsconcrete content is different. Teaching texts, subsisting from old kingdom to Greece andRome period, can reflect the different value orientation of "justice" of different periods.Chapter five is the translation of 11 teacing texts from old kingdom to new kingdom.On the whole, teaching texts together with "justice" colligate the problem of kingship,god, universe, society, intelligence, ethics etc synthetically. it is the important documentsabout the egyptian's adventure of ideal on society, religion, ethics and wisdom.
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