On The "mad" - The Study Of The The Taizhou School And The Aesthetic Category Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Being opposite to the ancient category of"Zhong he","Kuang"is also an important aesthetic category in Chinese Classical Aesthetics. It benefits a lot from Yangming School. This dissertation is focused on the aesthetic category of"Kuang"which is developed by Taizhou School of the mid and late Ming dynasty. Taizhou School is not only one branch of Yangming School, but also the most active thinking movement in that period. It can be seen that the spreading of thoughts course in literary theory from Ming to Qing dynasty plays a vital role in the history of Chinese Literature.Besides"the introduction", this thesis includes three chapters which inquiry deep but not thoroughly into"Kuang"in Taizhou School and aesthetics of Ming-Qing dynasty. Chapter one discusses the unity of the historical development of"Kuang"and its logical unfolding. There are three stages. The first stage is"Kuang xia", being innate conscious in everyday life and social practice, so it is outstanding for its beauty of social pratice. The representative scholars are Wanggen, Yanjun and He xinyin etc. This paragraph studies the aesthetic image, the aesthetic object, the aesthetic content and the aesthetic subject. The second stage is"Kuang chan", being innate conscious of individual experience, and is outstanding for its beauty of individual. The representative scholars are Wangbi, Luo rufang and Zhao zhenjie etc. This paragraph points out that the medium between"Kuang xia"and"Kuang chan"is nature, and discusses the aesthetic noumena, the aesthetic self-efforts and the aesthetic experience. The third stage is"Kuang juan", which means the appreciation of heterodoxy, and the most famous representative of it is Lizhi. From the point view of value theory, This paragraph discusses its valuable problems. It marks the change of the aesthetic value that awareness of heterodoxy can be led towards positive of oneself.Chapter two researches on the aesthetic psychological mechanism of the category of"Kuang". First of all,"Kuang"means following instinctive impulse of Mind-Heart. There are three sources of instinctive impulse:"Yu"( want ),"Shuai"( following innate knowledge ) and"Sheng"( active and unrestrained consciousness ). Secondly,"Kuang"includes deep connotation of individual experience, social needs and collective unconsciousness. Lastly, although"Kuang"violates ordinary psychological rules, it accords to the aesthetic rules. Taizhou School attaches great importance to pleasant motion of Mind-Heart, intuition and sudden realization, i.e"Liangzhi"( innate knowledge as standard ) and doctrine of childhood-mind, and free creation of Mind-Heart, for instance, imagination and association in one's mind hoping for ideal social prospect.Chapter three is mainly on the relationship between"Kuang"and literary theoretic categories of Ming and Qing. The psychological mechanism of"Kuang"emphasized on anti-rational knowledge conforms to the characteristics of literary creation. The category of"Xin"( following the innate knowledge of Mind-Heart in composition ) is not tranquil and moderate, but insane and frivolous, which goes beyond normal limit. A new ideal has been accepted by literary reformers that psychological noumena are these various kinds of insane feeling. The category of"Kuang fen"attains excessive emotional energy, which supplies the powerful motive of literary creation. The significance of"Kuang fen"is that individuals can let off their true and unrestrained anger towards the society in their works. This paragraph talks over its smoldering, expressing and value realizing course. The category of"Qu"accords to the needs and interest of newly rising citizens. It means excessive revel of desire and lust. Readers take great delight in sense impulse, especially individual lust having been accepted as the psychological base of literary receiving. This paragraph discusses"Sheng qu"( as aesthetic expectation ),"Zhen qu"( as aesthetic innate awareness ) and"Ji qu"( as aesthetic receiving ).Above all, this essay studies the aesthetic category of"Kuang"and its subsidiary categories. It must be said that the research subject about Taizhou School and the category of"Kuang"has not been paid full attention by the domestic academic circles at present. if this essay has some new exploitation in the field of the subject, it will be the author's unexpected result.