Resist The Objectification Of The World

This dissertation is contributed to discussion of Berdjajew's thought of philosophy and ethics in the scope of resisting the objectivated world. Freedom is the theme of Berdjajew's thought and the key to understand his ethics. Just due to his quest and loving of freedom, he drastically criticized the objectivated world which oppressed human's freedom, and pointed out that the ethics of creation can be a way to resist it so that man can obtain freedom.By virtue of criticizing the traditionally ontologized universal reason and the servile theology of traditional Christianity, Berdjajew reconstructed Christianity philosophy through existentialism, and built up his philosophy of spirit. The center of his philosophy of spirit is freedom, it endows human and God with a existential meaning. So that human and God are both individualized being, they guarantee the freedom of human through the spiritual experience and the intercourse of loving in the relation between God and human. In his philosophy of spirit, the spirit, freedom, individuality and creation inherently related with each other, and they filter reciprocally. Generally speaking, the principle of spirit provide the overall value direction, precondition and motivation; the individuality can be regarded as the existential subject; while freedom is the headspring of all these factors; creation is the concentrated embodiment of freedom, the action of realizing the value of spirit, turning into individuality and turning back to the divine world.Individuality, freedom and creation are all the signs of spirit, they unify themselves in the spirit. Spirit is subjective, and has per se the reality on which all the exterior thing's reality depend. Therefore what his philosophy of spirit has established is the priority of the spirit to the objectivated order and, accordingly, build up an order of value in judgment: the individual and individuality is the highest value; individuality is higher than society; spirit is higher than nature; freedom is higher than existence; creation is higher than obedience; love is higher than law.Just basing on this belief of value, Berjalw thinks that the world we live in alienates from human and suppress the freedom of individuality, so it is a objectivated world. In the objectivated world, which is a alienated and reasonalized world, what occupy the leading position is abstract generality, determinism, necessity and the socialization of average condition, among it there is no individuality's existence, freedom and creation. So the objectivated world is not a world for human, but a world of spirit that has alienated from itself, a degenerated world. The comprehensivecriticism of the objectivated world includes criticism on the objectivation of existence, God and nature in the scope of the existential ground; and on the objectivation of society, collectivity and civilization in the scope of the exterior exhibition of existence.Furthermore, Berjalw pointed out that the reason of the objectivated world is the alienation of human-self, the throwing out of the human essence and the false structure of consciousness. The way to change these drastically is to establish the ethics of creation on the base of philosophy of spirit and carry out the principle of spirit in ethics. As in Berdjajew's opinion, ethics is axiology and only ethics can establish the criteria of life evaluation. The mission of ethics is to call on the change of life in morality, it requires not only the comprehension of value but also the revaluation of value.Sharing the same background with Europe existential philosophy and the western Marxism, Berdjajew's thought is the response to the philosophical problem of the overall alienation and the reflection of the crisis of modern civilization.The basal framework of the creation ethics is: the principle of spirit is the overall value direction of it; the individuality is the foundation and moral subject of it; freedom is the precondition of it and the possibility of creation; creation is the act of freely realizing value and good.The resistance of the ethics of creation unfolds as follows: conquer the universal reason with spirit; conquer the objectivation of existence with love intercourse; resist the govern of collectivity and society with unrepeatable and unique existence, resist the exterior necessity and determination with internal freedom; resist the state of average quantity with the priority of quality and set up the lifestyle of subject-the transcendence of internal experience.In Berdjajew's opinion, creation ethics is the way by which to establish an ideal world. Only ethics of creation can deeply conquer subjectivation and change the false structure of consciousness fundamentally, so that human can get his freedom.The characteristic of it manifest as follows. he combined Marx's theory of alienation with the world view of religion and transformed the Marx's theory of alienation with existentialism, then formed the philosophy of spirit and its principle of value and solve the above-mentioned problems by Christianitizing human and personifying the Christianity; he proposed changing the false structure of consciousness deeply by the ethics of creation, so that turn the internal direction of spirit and reach the ideal world of spirit. Therefore, Berdjajew's thought of resisting the objectivated world destroyed the traditional rational philosophy and servile religion, formed new personalism and new ethics of creation. His criticism of the principle ofvalue in the objectivated world has great academic significance and practical illumination in solving the problem of multi value. His proposition that human resist objectivation from the deep moral consciousness can be viewed as the development of Marx's theory of alienation in a different direction, and provide a fresh train of thought for people to treat with the crisis of modern civilization.