| Proletariat in contemporary developed capitalist revolution or changes in the road, has become include orthodox Marxism and Western Marxism, Eastern New Marxism and many other 20th century Marxism in all schools have had to face in a theory and practice problems. To this end, from different perspectives, to solve this problem and put forward various programs, Reconstruction of Marxist social theory of revolution or change is a new exploration.Year on November 7, 1917, near the end of World War I, the world was shocked by the outbreak of the Russian October Revolution, Lenin's leadership, Russia established the world's first socialist government, Revolution seems like classical Marxist theoretician is expected in the development. Therefore, the victory of the October Revolution under the influence of the international communist movement in Europe has entered a peak period. Central and Eastern Europe, including some of the traditional capitalist state has developed a series of outbreaks of proletarian revolutionary movement, Hungary in Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, in Italy, particularly in the founders of Marxism Homeland Germany, the revolution pours in. European countries on the path of socialism seemed to be within sight. But it is surprising that these revolutions in the near future has been a failure. Thereafter, the developed capitalist countries could no outbreak in the traditional sense of mass proletarian violent revolution. Well, these countries economic development level less than the requirements of the revolution, or those countries without strong party of the proletariat. or that these countries proletarian political parties have failed to promptly and accurately formulated strategies to take advantage of the revolutionary regime. the traditional interpretation seems to be not satisfactory. Then, to Gramsci, Lukacs and Korsch representative of a group of people, neither agree nor agree with the Second International for the third international revolution failed to explain, They generally believe proletarian revolutionary consciousness there is a problem, that is the cultural revolution -- the ideological field of a problem. Despite their points of view from the beginning has been severely criticized by the Comintern, but their exploration of this new revolutionary theory but through generation after generation of people to make unremitting efforts, passing so far, form we see today by the Western Marxist theory. Among them, Western Marxism as a theory of one of the founders of three of the proletarian revolutionaries of the famous Italian Antonio Gramsci's cultural hegemony Thought, and especially worthy of our attention. Gramsci it is rooted in Marxism and the West, especially the Italian cultural heritage and sensitive time in Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, including his leadership of the proletarian revolution Italy successes and failures, the lessons different from the set of orthodox Marxism -that the Russian Revolution in 1917 developed a new theory of the proletarian revolution .Gramsci's cultural hegemony thinking, contains an extremely rich in content, and understand the cultural hegemony of Gramsci's thinking, First, he must understand the "cultural hegemony" of the meaning of the words themselves. As the name suggests, the words from the surface sense, cultural hegemony can briefly explain to the community of a certain class or group for the social, cultural, A field of ideology or control of the state power; From a historical perspective, the "hegemony" in a long time. Gramsci is not the first, Gramsci is on the foundation laid, made its own new interpretation, He developed a unique system for; Words from the angle of the study. "cultural hegemony" is the word "culture" and "hegemonic" in the compound words, it understands "cultural hegemony" not only on the understanding of "hegemony" and Gramsci must also understand the unique context of a "culture" of meaning, and related, There Gramsci right "ideology" in the understanding of the term. In the "culture" and "hegemony" of the history and meaning on the basis of understanding, we can come to the preliminary conclusion, Gramsci's "ideological and cultural hegemony" is essentially a proletarian revolutionary strategy, Unlike the past, but a violent revolution is the main theory of the revolutionary new strategy The core issue is to make the proletariat to win cultural hegemony, and then access to the entire modern state leadership.The formation of any theory must have a certain social and historical conditions. Marxism as the formation of its founder Marx and Engels is not only rich in revolutionary practice also criticized the inheritance of the German classical philosophy, British classical political science and French Utopian socialist predecessors of these great theoretical results. Gramsci' s cultural hegemony is also thinking of the case, and later in the Western Marxist theoretician was different. Early Western Marxists have largely had been actively engaged in revolutionary practice, At this point Gramsci who was especially evident, Gramsci join the revolution, Italy coincided with the whole social unrest, the surging tide of the revolution, fascism began to run rampant, This from the University of Gramsci early start joining in Italy proletarian revolution on the tide, Later, the Italian Communist Party as one of the founders provides the social and historical conditions, he founded the "new order". Leading large-scale labor movement in Turin, and established a "factory Committee. * Italy and France and the authorities resolutely struggle, These rich experience as Gramsci culture and ideological hegemony rich source of the practice. Similarly, Gramsci' s ideas have been brought from other aspects, Of course, this mainly the influence of Marxism, Marx and Engels, the hegemony of exposition Lenin especially in the "political hegemony" of the earliest system theory and Marxism into Italy's filibustering Liaola theory; Furthermore, as the famous Italian new Hegel who Croce students Gramsci's thought is deeply branded with the imprint of Croce, which we can not be avoided. Study of Gramsci' s cultural hegemony thinking, one has to talk about his understanding of Marxism, that is, his Marxist viewpoint. Gramsci's Marxist viewpoint, it can use a "practical philosophy" to summarize. Why Marxism as "practical philosophy"? Gramsci is given its own unique understanding. Gramsci that Marxism in contemporary being "double philosophy" or "double that" This is a departure from the Marxist direction. Gramsci specific analysis of Marxism in the two abnormal development trends : One is represented by the Plekhanov in the so-called orthodox trend It basically Marxist materialism with the traditional equivalent; Another is Marxism with other non-Positivism and non-materialism banded together and if Croce, The Tire and other swooped Marxism to absorb some of the factors the past, as idealist thought component. These amendments to the guidance of Marxism to the proletarian revolution, would not be successful. What then is the Marxist correct interpretation? Gramsci is the answer, that is, "absolutely historic" and "On the practice of one yuan, " simply said, Gramsci from history is that the free and conscious activities (practice) and not create or predetermined fate. We must attach great importance to the subjectivity of human consciousness, theory, concepts and will (philosophy) in the history of mankind' s role. This kind of Marxist new awareness has become a cultural hegemony based on the philosophy, performance in practice the philosophy of historical mission, philosophy and the proletariat is the combination of the proletariat play the main initiative, winning cultural hegemony and the victories of the socialist revolution.Public social theory Gramsci ideology is the most distinctive part of a on the later research in the field as part of a greater impact. Social theory to the public Reconstruction, constitute the cultural hegemony of the ideological premise of theory, and cultural hegemony on Gramsci thinking of the exposition, He is based in the public understanding of the new foundation. Hegel state and the public to separate the modern theory of civil society originator, But this huge building in its idealism on the public system of social theory, the public has turned society and the country; Marx criticized Hegel' s inherited theory, as we sort out the civil society and the relations between nations. But Gramsci has given us a new interpretation, that is, people from the social economic foundation Lane removed. assigned to the last building, the deputies into a "political state" is juxtaposed ideological field. Thus, Gramsci came to the conclusion that Western countries proletariat to win the victory of the revolution, we must control the public community, is the culture -- the ideological field. Gramsci's theory also affected the Habermas, Althusser, and so on for generations.Gramsci for ideological hegemony of cultural content, we can from the following aspects : its analysis. First, it must win cultural hegemony in the modern monarchy that the proletariat under the leadership of political parties, Leading Turin factory committee movement failed, Gramsci recognize that "Jacobins" of workers and rely on the type of spontaneous revolution can win, in order to win cultural hegemony, it must be genuine proletarian party leadership; Second, through long years of revolutionary practice and thinking prison, Gramsci that revolutionary means that the specific tactics must change, and the Russian Revolution "campaign war" different "trench warfare" by-step approach to win hegemony. The so-called "mobile warfare" mainly refers to the Russian-style violent revolution, go directly to destroy the ruling class, the state apparatus and seize state power; The so-called "trench warfare" and refers to the bourgeoisie has been made public in the cultural hegemony. proletarian dedicate themselves to their cultural positions and establish their own cultural organizations and cultural groups, through education proletarian consciousness, the first in the cultural-ideological field victory of the bourgeoisie, finally seized the whole country; 3 is winning cultural hegemony of the proletariat must rely on "organic intellectuals." Intellectuals in Gramsci's theory occupies an extremely important position, Gramsci that intellectuals have two, One is the traditional intellectuals, is an "organic intellectuals" Gramsci special attention to the "organic intellectuals" in the "trench warfare" to the role the only people who can put confined to elite circles and can not be extended to affect the broad masses of the inherent philosophy, through their revolutionary practice, combined with the public, to become the philosophy that only the active participation, proletariat could seize assets to be controlled by bands of cultural hegemony; winning four of the proletarian cultural hegemony, is to break down by bourgeois ideology of the capitalist countries to create a false legitimacy. Gramsci as the superstructure of theorists has been paying attention to the bourgeois ideology and the legitimacy of the capitalist countries, He made a social ideology than cement, To prove that the ideological legitimacy of the capitalist countries has played an important role, Meanwhile, he also break the legality of a preliminary exploration of the proletariat "trench warfare" specified in the right direction, that is, in schools, churches and other educational institutions, such as the "ideological state apparatus" to work on; 5 Gramsci is on the leadership of the proletarian revolution Italy -- the factory committee movement. The factory committee movement and the bourgeoisie is not only a positive armed conflict, Gramsci's cultural hegemony is a prelude to the theory or practice, Gramsci in this campaign workers formed democratic ideas, Workers build schools exploration, the establishment of the proletariat in its propaganda teams and so on, Gramsci for after writing "Notes prison, " thus providing ideological and cultural hegemony of the rich and practical material. 6 is a cultural hegemony and political relations between the hegemony. Proletarian revolution in the end is to win or cultural hegemony mainly to seize the political hegemony mainly? We believe that the terms of the proletariat to win cultural hegemony and political hegemony is in fact a reunification of the dialectical relations. Proletarian revolution is a revolution in all directions, not just the proletariat revolution to seize power. cultural hegemony but also to win, and neither can be neglected, but specifically to different countries, different historical periods, Their focus is different. From another perspective, proletarian revolution in how to deal with cultural hegemony and political hegemony, in a sense, the issue is how to treat October revolutionary model of the problem. In addition, the Gramsci to win this culture—the ideological hegemony at the core of revolutionary theory, influenced generation after generation of Western Marxist and gradually formed featuring Western Marxism and social revolution of reform theory. Through the above six parts of the analysis, Gramsci's cultural hegemony that he thought the new revolutionary theory on the basic outline showing more clearly in front of us had.Domestic and foreign scholars on Gramsci despite differing ideological, but the overall assessment was still too high. Gramsci lifetime maintain the proletarian revolutionaries and theorist of identity, his theory has always remained with the entire international labor movement links, with the country closely linked to the revolutionary cause. He according to different national conditions and historical conditions, creative exploration, from the three main areas and rich exposition of Marxism. As China's famous scholar Yu Wujin reserves Professor Chen Xueming said, "According to Marx' s view, the economic foundation is fundamental, The superstructure is only secondary, starting subordinate role. Gramsci is opposed to the relationship between the two decisions and understanding for the decision by the relationship He also stressed the superstructure, and in particular the people of the community the economic base of counterproductive, Although this can be seen as the second international orthodox Marxist economic determinism of a theoretical rebuttal, But undoubtedly, Gramsci is allocated overdone, and his view of the ultimate direction of idealism. "However, This theory of "the whole people of the society, the ideological - cultural issues of prominence. This is only fair, it not only fails to Gramsci's opinion simply described as idealism, on the contrary, It shows no use Gramsci dogmatic attitude towards Marxism, but on Western society the specific historical conditions to enrich and develop Marxism.Gramsci' s cultural hegemony thinking of the construction of socialist culture is very useful. Gramsci's ideas were once known as the most developed Western countries for proletarian revolutionary strategy are substantial. ~2Although China and the western countries in the political, economic system and many other conditions there is a huge gap But globalization is sweeping the world today, and study Gramsci's cultural hegemony thinking to use, that is, from its ideological essence of the rich part of China's socialist culture—the ideological theory and practice, it has become inevitable, and we should respect from 4 to draw on Gramsci' s cultural hegemony thinking, it is necessary to study in depth the trench warfare tactics; Second, build democracy, strengthen the proletarian party leadership; The third is to strengthen the ruling party of the proletariat legitimacy studies; Fourth, we must pay attention to the new era of proletarian intellectual culture, Training is more of the proletariat "organic intellectuals."...
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