Reconstruction Of Enlightenment Ration

In September 1980 Habermas won Adorno Nobel.He made speech on the topic of "Modernity - an unfinished project" .In his speech he has been admitted to the work to defend modernity and reconstruct the enlightenment ration. This speech was published by the time that Western intellectuals'representative Derrida and Foucault broke to rationism and gaven up.Why Habermas has chosen a different path, and insisted on the path? How Habermas clarify his philosophy way? These are main problem which my paper seeks to clarify. The paper's main idea is pointed out the relationship between enlightenment and modernity, then analysed the paradox of enlightenment ration, pointed out the plight of its own shortcomings in itself.Thereby carried out complete enlightenment.Habermas considers that the basis of modernity is the enlightenment ration. But as making triumphant progress in modernity the community split so it could not develop harmoniously. It refuses to obey any authority, they must be self-reliant, they choose the way forward by themselves. It faces the future, does not imitate other times, all the things done by themselves.The reason why the modernity has so strong "self-awareness" and efforts to "self-conclusive" relating to the principles of ration. The basis of modernity is the enlightenment ration.The one-sidedness of the subjectivity and the dualistic of the enlightenment ration cause the paradox of the modernity. In other words ,lacking of uniformity. This triggered entangled relations between the modernity and the enlightment, on the one hand enlightment caused the paradox of the modernity, but on the other hand, in Habermas's view, the enlightenment also provides the way to solve the problem of modernity.Hegel began to aware of the paradox of modernity, and made effort to resolve this problem. Whether Nietzsche or Hekehaimo and Adorno, the modernity is equivalent to metaphysics.That is to say, the enlightenment ration rules anything.In their opinions,the essential character of metaphysics is the ration.So they viewed modern times as a "disastrous and the dark ages" dominated by metaphysics. They asserted that the modernity is the end of the metaphysics. In Habermas's view, the solution path run into the consciousness philosophy paradigm,Which is the misunderstanding of the enlightenment ration and is the limitation of enlightenment itself.Habermas is alert to the shortcomings of the enlightenment, but he does not advocate that we should abandon enlightenment ration. His attitude on the enlightenment is the reconstruction. Habermas ever said that it can make up for its own deficiencies by relying on thorough enlightenment. Because the enlightenment promises the freedom of ration and awaken of the subjectivity. The goal of enlightenment is to liberate people from the rule of God and help them walk out of obscuration, but in the course of development, enlightment walks up to a new myth. This is a ration division of enlightenment.That is a instrumental reason, It makes people gain freedom from God but now it makes people restricted under the control of the machines. This is a retrogression of the enlightenment, and also the paradox of the enlightenment. Habermas does not agree with the pessimistic tone of " enlightenment walks up to myth consequentially and ration certainly becomes domination of people" .In Habermas's way, He tries to recognize the one hand , the enlightenment brought us the outcome of ration, But on the other hand, the enlightenment also inevitably has its flaws, that is to say its negative aspect, Habermas reminds us that because of this, we should have a dialectical view on enlightenment, we should not throw out the child and the bath water together in order to prevent a new non-ration, and only by acknowledging that the enlightenment plan has not yet been completed, we can make our efforts to identify the cause and treatment of the modernity. Therefore, Habermas commits to the reconstruction of the enlightenment.After Habermas's reconstruction, on the one hand, the role of the enlightenment has changed, at first, the subject uses the enlightment ration to suppress the object, but now the role of rationity is to express their freedom.On the other hand, it opens up an ethics solution to modernity problem.In the paradigm of the philosophy of consciousness, people seek logical truth, the confirmation of unity norm is depended on metaphysical logic, but in paradigm of communication, the uniformity norms are not determined by logic to ensure but by through language, this consensus is non-mandatory .In this sense, Habermas's solution is an ethical solution. Modernity problem is solved in the reconstruction of the enlightenment, communicative reason, as a new kind of ration concept, correlates theory and practice. On the one hand, Habermas's solution can achieve postmetaphysics'reason. On the other hand, it also highlights the deep-seated roots of enlightenment rationity, which is the Habermas's moral concern, ethics sentiments. Any theory has their moral, ethical concerns, Habermas is no exception. Habermas's theory is about ethical and general consensus, It is in the general consensus, ration achieve multiple voices in unity. If they doubt this is a moral utopia, and then they would find it is in the implementation of the system of democracy, namely, the process of democracy is the formation of enlightenment rationity.Modern unity is established in essence, through the use of ration freedom to communicate, to express their ideas and wishes, thus forms a non-mandatory consensus. This consensus under the guidance of order, achieved in the process of democratic, Thus establishs unity in the sense of ethics standards.Thus modernity has solved its paradox.