A Study On The Analects Of Confucius In The Republic Of China

As an old-line branch of the Study on Confucian classics' and logic continuity of the culture of Qing Dynasty,the study on the Analects of Confucius in the Republic of China made a lot progress while some deficiencies emerged.There conserve lots of rare editions of the literatures of the Analects of Confucius in both the public and private libraries,although,generally speaking that was an age of turbulence.While Qing Shi Gao Yi Wen Zhi compiled during the Republic of China followed the same traditional categorized method as Ming Shi Yi Wen Zhi and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu since Qing Dynasty,the later Xu Xiu Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu divided the Four Books kind into five specific genera of"the Analects of Confucius","the Mencius","the Great Learning","the Mean of Doctrine" and "ZongYi",reflecting the new development in book's classifying.Judging from sources of that time,it is found that this kind of classification should have been influenced by categorized methods of Japan's academic circles.As a new sight,also because of the technological development,photocopy editions,editions on newspapers and periodicals appeared in both registering and printing of literatures on the Analects of Confucius.Historically speaking,works of the Qing Dynasty which had been registered in the catalogs this period also made an academic beginning of the study on the Analects of Confucius in the Republic of China.Like the circs of literature's registering,more works of the Qing Dynasty were printed than other Dynasties,among which LUN YU ZHENG YI of Liu Baonan and LUN YU TONG SHI of Jiao Xun are their representatives.Beside the printing number of other works,such as LUN YU JI JIE of He Yan,LUN YU YI SHU of Huang Kan,LUN YU BI JIE of Han Yu and Li Ao,LUN YUN JI ZHU of Zhu Xi,is considerable too.The printing of manuscripts of the fragmentary LUN YUN ZHENG SHI ZHU and LUN YU JI JIE of Tang Dynasty is an important and impressing matter in the academic history of the Republic of China,which promoted the study on the Analects of Confucius of this period in a certain extent.Another point in the literature on the Analects of Confucius' printing is the emergence of colloquialism editions which also had its great significance in the history of the study on the Analects of Confucius that time.BAI HUA LUN YU DU BEN of Zhang Zhaorong and Shen Yuanqi and SI SHU BAI HUA JIE SHUO of Jiang Xizhang published in the beginning of the Republic of China are most popular while the first printed 5 times in 20 years from 1928～1947.As a result of complex factors,the most prosperous time of printing of literature on the Analects of Confucius which began in 1930 ended in about 1938 while the Japanese army invaded China.The distinguishing between truth and falsehood of the Analects of Confucius in the Republic of China,a succession of the Qing Dynasty's,had put its logic starting point on it both in content and methods,while this kind of work in Qing Dynasty had attained a surprising height.People's emphasizing of Cui shu's achievement in the Analects of Confucius and the mass existence of the phenomenon of distinguishing from different standpoint of Study on Confucian classics were its visible exhibition.Among the distinguishing in the Republic of China,both the remains of New Text Confucianism, Old Text Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism included,the activities of the Ancient history Conforming School best represented the new characteristic of this in that period, which was done by scholars such as Qian Xuantong,Gu Jiegang,Tong Shuye,Zhao Zhenxin,an which acted as an explanation of the Analects of Confucius transforming from Jing to Shi and Zi.Succeeding to the academic of Qing Dynasty could also be detected in the collating work this period especially that of Zhang Guogan in his LUN YU YI WEN BIAO which made new progress while taking Ruan Yuan and Ye Dehui's works as main reference.Of course the self-confidence of the study on the Analects of Confucius of the Republic of China can only lied on the back of plenty of new,especially typical texts of scholars that age.Jian Chaoliang's LUN YU JI ZHU BU ZHENG SHU SHU,which has taken him ten years time to accomplished,is the representative text of the study on the Analects of Confucius of Old Text Confucianism that age.It advocates amalgamation of studies on Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty and that in this style with the Neo-Confucianism from his stand of Old Text Confucianism.Beside letter explanation and textual research, Chaoliang also corrects some errors of Zhu Xi's book.One should study YI JING and history of China to comprehend the Analects of Confucius better is the very opinion that Chaoliang emphasizes at full steam.In a word,we should look on this book as the last best work of the study on the Analects of Confucius in Old Text Confucianism,though there was still some shortcomings such as prolixity etc.Ma Yifu's LUN YUDA YI is a typical work of Neo-Confucianism in the Republic of China which acts as a logic part of his unique theory that concretized the Confucian Xinxue and the Confucian Lixue.In Yifu' opinion,the LIUYI of Confucian actually can include all kind of arts and sciences in both the East and the West.Than he re-explained the Analects of Confucius with this opinion in order to testify his unique theory and made it an idiographic text of this field in the Republic of China.Yifu is quite familiar with Buddhism which could also be seen in LUN YU DA YI.Impersonally speaking,Ma Yifu is really an infrequent big scholar in the whole 20 century of China,though there might also a few deficiencies in his works.As the most popular explaining work in the Republic of China,People can see the form will towards Chinese traditional culture,while the author kept on with his work of "talking out" the book in several years with the help of folks because of having severe illness on himself which made him can't move both arms and legs during the period of Japanese' invading our country.In the name of LUN YU JI SHI,Cheng Shude formed a precise mode of coordinating old works on the Analects of Confucius which has gained him much praise since then.And in the favor of the precise coordinating mode,he collected quite a lot of former annotations on the Analects of Confucius.He cared works' edition very much while advocating explaining Confucian Classics with Confucian Classics,general knowledge and daily life,which are all quite valuable thoughts.Maybe we could took his book of LUN YU JI SHI as the very representative of the school of dealing the study on Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty and that of its style and the Neo-Confucianism equally though it criticizes Zhu Xi's LUN YU JI ZHU a little bit too much. As the original edition of LUN YU XIN TAN,The Animadverting on philosophy of Confucianism before Qin Dynasty by Zhao Jibin is a typical work using Marxism in analyzing the Analects of Confucian when the culture of China entered the age of philosophy.The biggest characteristic of this book is just that it tried to bring the materialism and dialectic into the study on the Analects of Confucius on his own and show people the special function of it.Besides,we have to say actually there are some ill-considered places in his books though there were still some other valuable discoveries.In a word,the study on the Analects of Confucius in the Republic of China took place in a age when the Confucian Classics were no longer ideology texts,which made them have to adapt new social roles to face all kinds of challenges on its way such as the impacts of the West culture,lingual evolvement etc,and which on the same time were new chances of development too.And,as a matter of fact,the study on the Analects of Confucius in the Republic of China had really made much progress with the aid of West philosophy,new works discovery in Dun Huang,systematic analysis,which could be easily seen in the works of Wang Guowei and others.And another point we have to know is that the study on the Analects of Confucius this period is also a continuity of that of the Qing Dynasty,which had inherited several important traditions of the it and which can be discerned clearly in works such as LUN YU JI ZHU BU ZHENG SHU SHU,LUN YU JIE ZHU HE BIAN,LUN YU JI SHI,LUN YU DA YI,LUN YU SHU ZHENG,and The Animadverting on philosophy of Confucianism Before Qin Dynasty etc.Then,all these outstanding characteristics made it an important and special period on the history of the study on the Analects of Confucius between the People's Republic of China and the Qing Dynasty.