| Introduction: Thanks to the glorification of"belle writers"through late last century to early this century, female literature was brought up to an unprecedented climax, but has later been thrown into its low. The hard time that female literature is facing indicates the lack of proper attention and understanding of female literature. This article digs into the spirit of female literature through a texture analysis of female literature of the 1990s. Since the existing studies haven't done enough in providing detailed illustration and analysis of the creative spirit of female literature, this article tries to comparatively analyze characters in stories of similar themes but produced by different writers by integrating the perspectives of critical socio-historical analysis, critical psychology analysis and critical feminism. To analyze the spirits that underlie the conflicts between culture and humanity is the hardest part of the study. But the hardship itself underlines the significance of female literature and critical study. The article articulates and analyzes the spirits of female literature from the following five aspects.Chapter 1: Historical opportunity. No single literature phenomenon has ever emerged groundlessly. The booming of Chinese female literature in the 1990s is also a product of history.1-1. Historical review of the emergence and development of female literature. From the infantry of modern literature to late 1980s, the development and the existence of female literature have resulted naturally from the general caring for humanity at the times instead of an intentional highlighting female perspectives and gender awareness. Therefore, since the late 1980s, female literature has tried to maintain a gender-free perspective and hasn't developed an independent female writing system.1-2. Reasons for the booming of female literature in the 1900s. Due to some multiple reasons, female literature has reached an unprecedented high in the 1990s, such as the establishment of mark-oriented economic system, the emergence of a multiple cultural value system, the popularity of feminist theories, the identification of female writers'spirits, the emergence of multiple writing groups, the attempts to reveal the richness and complexity of humanities, and the introduction of thoughts, theories and critical methodology from the western world have altogether promoted the development of female literature. The most important is the female literature has demonstrated clear gender awareness under the influence of the western feminist literature.1-3. Relations between feminism and traditional culture. From the feminist perspective, the traditional culture is paternity culture centered around male value system, under which females are discriminated and suppressed while the values of females are also covered. Therefore, feminists advocate a revealing of female experience and an integration of reverse ideas against paternity culture through the application of anti-male aesthetic principle and styles in order to uplift females'awareness and promote the emancipation of females.Chapter 2: Writing of the hardship under paternity culture. The modern female literature in the 1990s has criticized and denied the irrational culture system in the paternity society centered around the males values by exposing the living status of females under the sovereign of traditional cultures. The female literature has not only highlighted the significance of females/maternity in the history and culture, but has alerted us of the harms to both females and males themselves by the paternity.2-1. Enervating of male rights. Since the 1990s, Chinese female literature has begun to deconstruct or enervate male rights as well as to criticize and deny the paternity society and cultures.2-2. Paternity: shadow over the life of females. The female literature in the 1990s has revealed the long-lasting influence of the selfish and cruel paternity over females'lives by writing about their own experiences. From the angle of a healthy development of humanity, the legitimacy of the existence of paternity was challenged.2-3. Loss of the real self of females. The female literature criticized the sovereign and the persecution of females in the paternity society by depicting the loss of the self of females in the paternity cultures. The internalization of paternity cultures as behavioral principles and values has made females vulnerary protectors of paternity cultures, which has become one of the major obstacles in the emancipation of females.2-4. Historical values and significance of writing about females. The history and cultures of human beings have been created by males, while the females values have been mostly covered. Female literature can bring the history of females up to the surface and empower the female culture. 2-5. Men/fathers: victims of paternity. The humanity and personality of Men/fathers have also been suppressed, distorted and tortured by themselves while discriminating and suppressing females.Chaper 3: Sexual attitudes. The female literature in the 1990s has unveiled the sexual image of females from a passive role in the old sexual narrations. Females became the narrators themselves. It's a remarkable reverse of the writing attitudes and moral restrictions.3-1. Dilemma and loss of virginity. In the female literature in the 1990s, no matter whether females have abandoned the idea of virginity, they have never been freed from the hardship brought about by the idea. So the breaking of virginity idea will not only depend on the emancipation of females themselves, but rely on a simultaneous emancipation of males and the establishment of a corresponding overall social cultural environment. Otherwise, the virginity ideas will forever be framed by paternity. 3-2. Configuration of sexual attitudes. The female literature in the 1990s has also helped to build up the sexual attitudes of females. From various angles, all the female writers have challenged and reversed the traditional sexual role of females and criticized or deconstructed the sexual roles of females in the paternity history and cultures.3-3. Refuse to or want to be"prostitutes": These two attitudes reflect two different value choices of females, while also showing the dilemma females are facing. The refusal to be"prostitutes"protects the traditional independent female humanity and satisfies the material exploitation of males; the willingness to be"prostitutes"has undoubtedly reversed the virginity idea, but has also inevitably gone under the control of male material rights. The female literature in the 1990s has revealed the new dilemma of females in the commercialized society by analyzing the two orientations.3-4."Lady"and"Chippie"."Lady"and"Chippie"are traditional binary classification of females. The female literature has articulated the reasons why it has been hard for"lady"has been abandoned by modern males and revealed the loss of self of females due to the traditional configuration of"lady"identity.3-5. Demonstration of desire in the separation of sex and love. In the writing of females,"New people"tend to exaggerate the sexual desires and admiration, which has led to the depravation of life, which is no doubt a warning in the carnival at the end of the century.Chapter 4: love, a piece of blank paper. In the female literature of the 1990th, love is still a piece of blank paper to women. What liberty brings to people is not rose gardens here and there, but wastelands which are decaying day by day and are short of spiritual support. The description and concern towards love shows the lack of humanism in the modern society.4-1. man, the single-faced human being in the modern society. According to the female writers of the 1990th, man always discards his love or marriage for the maximum satisfaction of his material desire; as a result, man transforms from double-faced humanbeing who has both material and spiritual desires to single-faced humanbeing who is driven by material desire entirely and pushes women into the morass of emotional life.4-2. love, a city of desire of man. In the female literature of the 1990th, man pays great attention to the pursuit and satisfaction of sexual desire. The importance of sexual desire goes far beyond the belief and pursuit of loyal and eternal love. Therefore, love and sex are only rememberance for woman; while man's pursuit for love and sex is unending. The analysis on the inbeing of man not only discovers the difference between the mentality of love of man and woman, but also excavates the source of the affection morass of woman.4-3. love, prison of woman'soul. Traditional culture apportions loyal and undivided love belief to woman whild publicizing man's sex instinction, which makes love a prison of soul for woman to hold alone in the endless pursuit of sex desire of man. The description of woman's love mentality further reflects the existence predicament of woman caused by traditional affectional belief.4-4. who pays for love? Love is beautiful, but the cruel reality cannot satisfy everyone's wishes. Alomost no female composers in the 1990th writes about happy and satisfactory love. They write love stories to understand love. Under their pen, love cannot bring woman to the sweatest mental Holy Land, but play a continuous remorseful melody for them.4-5. how far can the exchange of material desires go? In the 1990th, the ideal love of the combination of love and sex has been damaged by material desire. However, how far can the exchange of material desires go? Although female literature of the 1990th gives deep understanding and sympathy to the choice of woman in the patriarchal society, it shows definite refusion and denial at the same time.Chapter 5:"lesbian"literature complex and awareness beyond sex. The description and concern over the complex human nature of homosexuality shows the humaness position of the writers and bears a spiritual direction of woman literature at the same time. 5-1."lesbian", a humaness description. The description and concern over"lesbian"reflects the humaness position of the writers and refutes the discrimination and denial of homosexuality by coman customs.5-2."lesbian"literature complex and the patriarchal culture. Female composers believe that"lesbian"is not only one kind of sexual love that can be choose by woman; but also an upset and denial of forced heterosexuality which is regarded as normal by traditional notions, and an effective form to break paternity culture and its civilized criteria5-3. awareness beyond sex and androgyny. The precondition of awareness beyond sex and androgyny is the removal of the conflict between man and woman and the free of human nature. Awareness beyond sex and androgyny advocate the complete harmony between man and woman, the free choice of one's sex role. Man is not limited to the role of male, and woman is not oppressed and restricted by her sex.Conclusion: the female literature of the 1990th probes into the existence predicament of woman and the road of spiritual emancipation under human nature and human value. The criticism and denial to the Phallus-centric cultural value of patriarchy, the recognition and definition of maternal cultural value, the acquaintance and discover of the physical body of female, the survey on human nature in the ravelment of sex and love are all based on the promotion and perfection of human nature, all try to enable people to surmount the narrow sex prejudice so as to walk into the ideal paradise where human nature can be developed liberally, healthily, and harmoniouly. This is the spiritual pursuit of female writers as well as the aesthstic value and spiritual characters that female literature owns. |
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