Nietzsche's Perspectivism

The word "perspectivism"in view of derivation has the straight correlation with a drawing skill(perspctive) since the R-,but Nietzsche's perspectivism is a bran-new idea. The concept of perspective(the eye is "the highest judge" of the world) inevitably lies in the western tradition of the priority of vision(metaphor):from Plato(open "the eye of soul"and see the real things) to Hegel(the eye is still regarded as the "theoretical organ" ), this tradition makes the "soul" or "spirit" an essential judge of vision,the eye the tool of "finding the truth",with no regard of "eros"in the process of seeing.That is to say,the vision is only a tool of knowledge and no self-contained values of its own.Even though there is some interest in it,interest of knowledge first,none of its own exists.Nietzsche's transformation of this traditon(Platonism) from the start of body and physiology is his "invertion of perspectives",which is manifested as:1) Whoever sees something has his perspectives,his "eyes" exert the active and interpreting forces on the activity."The eye of soul" is an "icy glass'of mirroring the real things,not an "animated mirror" through which the carnal perspectives can make the being or world appear to us.The former makes the reason antagonize against the instinct;the latter holds that,not the "soul" or "spirit",but the body is the real minister of vision.2) "The eye of soul" also has its perspctives,but "dishonest eyes"(moral valuation) may conceal the situation,which is disguised as the eye of God,"absolute knowledge",such is its fraudulence;"Honest eyes" cannot conceal the situation of perspctives,instead,in this point of view,the more affect and impulse is expressed,the more "objectivity".So,"honest eyes" once find the conditions of "the eye of soul",the absolute viewpoint of the eye of God is relativized.3) "Dishonest eyes" is merely the survival need of this type of people,i.e.the need of preservation.Herd instinct upgrades some concepts to "universal values",which everyone should obey,from which other perspectives receive the validity,which is called "moral perspective";"Honest eyes" also connect with a type of existence,willingly in pursuit of the uncertainty and chance,holding that "nothing is true,everything is possible",which is really called "free spirit".Compared with the former,the latter is immoral type.Through its claim of pluralism of values,the immoralism makes the constraint of "moral perspective" a "fable".4)The world is consisted of different perspectival modes of activities,which is called the world of perspectivism,every drive has its perspective,so the world is will to power."The real world" of Platonism is not "another" world,but a value of this world;even not "the greatest value",for its concealment of the start of body. (Dionysian) art is just "metaphysical activity" of life,symbolizing the self-creative play of life,which is the practical truth of perspectivism.Therefore,it is necessary to affirm the life from the state of Dionysius,to surpass the morality as yet,for the(artistical) pleasure is eternal,and the(moral) "suffering" is temporary.The tension of Nietzsche's perspectivism(immorality VS morality) brings many subsequent debates about itself, whether it is on earth a "relativism"or a claim of truth is still controversial up to the present,though there is a trend of intermediation.Whatever happens,Nietzsche's perspectivism is obvious to all for its critique of traditional rationalism,which opens the door for relativism,pluralism,aestheticism and philosophical "turning of body".His "Genoese ship" breaks the waves of sea forward,seduces us to leave the firm empire of reason and bear up for "new sea".