The Studies On The Politics Between The End Of Dong Jin And The Beginning Of Song

In this doctoral dissertation, I select the politics between the end of Dong Jin and the beginning of Song as the object of studies. At the same time I mainly focus my attention on the two events, led by Huan Xuan (桓玄) and Liu Yu (刘裕) aim to overthrow the Dong Jin Dynasty and build up their own dynasties, and achieve a clear understanding of the history.The dissertation includes two parts. In the first part there involve three problems that I try to make clear. They are how the Group of Huan Xuan rase so suddenly, what the social, political sources and military forces were that motivated by Huan Xuan when he built up his political power of the Chu Dynasty, and how and why the Group of Huan Xuan was defeated by the Group of Jing Kou and lost the political power. Base on the analyses of the vast historical sources I think the establishment of the Chu Dynasty as an achievement got by the regional forces in Jingzhou Prefecture, Huan Xuan and the family of Huan as the core elements, the local gentry as the main parts. In the end of the Dong Jin Dynasty they got a good chance to expand their political and military influences on the whole empire and eventually succeeded to seize the political power with their dominant military forces. As we all know, in Jingzhou Prefecture the family of Huan, mainly the three brothers, Huan Wen (桓温) , Huan Huo (桓豁) and Huan Chong (桓冲) governed the military area one after another. As a result, in nearly 50 years, they succeeded to build up the strong and lasting influences of the family of Huan on this area and simultaneously cultivated a special interests group as well, in which the family of Huan played the role of the protector and the representative. That is why Huan Xuan rase so suddenly and the Chu Dynasty was built up.In the second part there also involve three problems, and they are the rise of the Group of Jing Kou, Liu Yu's process of trying to seize the political power and the influences on the present society and the political system caused by the Group of Jing Kou.I analyze that the establishment of the Song Dynasty also result from the rise of the Group of Jing Kou. However, in the process of seizing the hegemony Liu Yu had to confront all kinds of unfriendly opponents. One hand with the political and military situation changed, there were two different sects in the Group of Jing Kou, Liu Yu and Liu Yi separately as the leaders. And consequently there emerged the conflicts between the two sects. On the other hand the rise of the Group of Jing Kou broke out the present political system that stressed people's family status in the political development and promotion, and social intercourse as well. And they took the political and social superiorities by forces originally possessed by the aristocrats, which gave birth to a great hostile attitude to the Group of Jing Kou from the aristocrats. Naturally the political stress from the Group of Liu Yi and the aristocrats got Liu Yu into trouble, so that he had to break the political deadlocks by forces one by one. In the dissertation I also discuss the influences on the society and the political system caused by the Group of Jing Kou, and I think it is unnecessary to expand the revolutionary significance brought about by the establishment of the Song Dynasty.Compared the rise of two groups of Huan Xuan and Liu Yu and the establishment of the Chu and Song Dynasties, I find to a certain extent they are same. For example, both of the two groups stemmed from the regional forces and got a good control to their own prefectures. And there was a great cultural tension between them and the aristocrats in the two groups, which had a negative influence on the political cooperation with the aristocrats. And most of all, in the shapements of the political power the strong military forces possessed by them were the origins of their Monarchy.