Astudy On Fu In Wen Xuan

Wen Xuan, or Selections of Refined Literature is the earliest among the best preserved collection of ancient Chinese literature. It contains 39 literary forms among which Fu, with 56 Rhapsodies by 31 writers, accounting for almost one-third of Wen Xuan, ranks NO.1. This thesis intends to study Fu in Wen Xuan from 3 aspects consisted of 9 disquisitions.Part one, Textual Research On the Compilation of Fu in Wen Xuan, includes three sections, i.e., Textual Research On the Literature Sources of Fu in Wen Xuan, Research On the Classification of Fu in Wen Xuan, and Textual Research On the Prefaces of Fu in Wen Xuan.As to the literary sources of Fu in Wen Xuan, by examining the specific compilation in the Six Dynasties, one can tell that it is quite possible that Wen Xuan selects articles from other collections, and classifies them according to different styles. As to the compilation of Fu in Wen Xuan, Li Dai Fu compiled by Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty is very likely the literary source of it. Firstly, judged from the Sui shu Jing ji zhi and other bibliographies records? of the collection of Fu before Wen Xuan, Li Dai Fu is the only qualified one from Xiao Tong?s point of view when he compiled Wen Xuan. Secondly, Emperor Wu once ordered Zhou She, the Crown Prince Xiao Tong?s Official, to annotate Li Dai Fu in the 17th year of Tianjian (518 AD). That had quite a huge impact on Crown Prince Xiao Tong?s compiling of Wen Xuan. Thirdly, Wen Xuan compiled by Xiao Tong excluded"Xian Qing Fu"by Tao Yuanming and"Hai Fu"by Zhang Rong in that the Li Dai Fu has not included those two rhapsodies.All rhapsodies in Fu in Wen Xuan have"Fu"in their titles to demonstrate the style, which is quite effective in compilation. In the sub-classification of Fu in Wen Xuan, the rhapsodies are divided into 15 categories by their respective objects, which is quite similar to the Lei Shu (reference books with materials taken from various sources and are arranged by subjects). The classification of Fu in Wen Xuan demonstrates Xiao Tong, the compiler?s idea on the categories of Fu. Although the sub-classification of Fu in Wen Xuan has some problems, but its methods, i.e., classifying first by the categories and then in chronological order of their authors, has greatly influenced the collection of literary works and Lei Shu.There are 26 prefaces of Fu in Wen Xuan, including those by authors and those from historical books. The prefaces to Fu in early period mainly comes from historical books in that in ancient China, the historical books contained a lot of writers? works so that most compilers of the early collections usually had their sources from historical books. It is also possible for the compliers to get the relevant background materials to write the prefaces. Moreover, with the emergence of a large number of literary biographies, more and more literary works are attached as the appendixes. That would be the prototype of literary collections. The coming compilers often add biographies of the authors as the appendixes. Therefore, it accords with the historical rules of the complication that the speeches in historical books are attached to the literary collections as prefaces. Anyhow, it is earlier compilers of the early collections rather than Crown Prince Zhaoming who picked the speeches in historical books as prefaces. This thesis identifies the 26 prefaces of Fu in Wen Xuan as to their original sources and the developments of prefaces from speeches in historical books to those by authors themselves. Of prefaces in Wen Xuan, Ban Gu?s"Liang Du Fu Xu"("Preface to the Two Capitals Rhapsody") and Zuo Si?s"San Du Fu Xu"("Preface to the Three Capitals Rhapsody") have a very high literary value in that they reflect not only the basic creation of Fu Style, but also the development of Fu theory.Part two, Textual Research On Fu Category in Wen Xuan Annotated by Li Shan, contains three series of papers, i.e., Brief On the Sources of Annotations by Li Shan of Fu Category in Wen Xuan, The Original Version of the Commented"San Du Fu"("The Three Capital Rhapsodies") from Wen Xuan, and On the Proliferation of the Annotations by Li Shan of Fu Category in Wen Xuan.Li Shan?s Wen Xuan Zhu is the first annotation of Wen Xuan in Sui-Tang Period and ranks an insurmountable peak and is the major object of the Wen Xuan research scholars. By employing Lei Shu?s method of arranging subjects, Li Shan creates the literary citation style to annotate Wen Xuan. By examining the previous annotations in his annotated version, one can find that Li Shan has benefited a lot from the former ones. He does not fully comply with the annotating rule of"if the previous annotation is right, then I will keep it"by himself since there exist many omissions of the previous ones in his annotations to Wen Xuan. Moreover, there are some discrepancies between the previous annotations cited by Li Shan in his Wen Xuan Zhu and those in his own annotations. It is not completely due to the wrong note and quotation by Li Shan, but most likely with the relevant annotated versions to which he refers. The large number of similarities in quotations between the annotations to"You Tong Fu"of Li Shan and that of Yan Shigu shows that annotations in Tang Dynasty follow the heritance of traditional ones.Li Shan s annotations of Wen Xuan omit the former annotator in"Wei Du Fu". The edition of six persons names Liu Yuanlin as the annotator to"Wei Du Fu", which does not accord with the annotations by Li Shan who cites Zang Rongxu?s comments in Jin Shu:"zhang Zai annotates ?Wei Du Fu , and Liu Kui annotates ?Wei Du Fu? and ?Shu Du Fu?". By examining the previous annotations and their sources from"San Du Fu", one can see that the original annotation of"San Du Fu"Li Shan adopts in his annotated Wen Xuan should be the one prefaced and annotated by Qi Wusui, which can be traced back to the annotations by Zhang Zai and Liu Kui, with an extra annotation of"Preface to ?San Du Fu?". When Li Shan annotated Wen Xuan, Qi?s annotations were incomplete. As to the discrepancies in the authors of the original annotations between Zang Rongxu?s Jin Shu and Qi?s version, Li Shan adopts the records of historical books, which leads to the misunderstanding of the coming generations on"San Du Fu"?s original annotations.In the process of spreading of Wen Xuan annotated by Li Shan, there has been a large number of proliferation of the Li Shan?s original annotations. Among the existing versions, three of them can be used as a contrast, i.e., Dun Huang"Xi Jing Fu"fragments transcript of Yong Long Period in Tang Dynasty and"Shu Du Fu"complete transcript and"Wu Du Fu"partial transcript in Wen Xuan Ji Zhu (Wen Xuan Variorum edition). The comparison of those versions reveals that a large number of proliferations in literary citations exist in the printed editions while there are even more proliferations in the annotated edition compared with the printed editions. That shows that Li Shan?s Wen Xuan annotations have been revised through the process of Wen Xuan?s spread. The revising is closely related to the Wen Xuan?s study by scholars, and the proliferation of Li Shan?s annotations is to give an easier access to scholars? studying on Wen Xuan.Part three, Literary Collation and Research On Fu Category in Wen Xuan, consists of three subsections, i.e., Collation and Conference On Fu as Citation in Wen Xuan Ji Zhu Fragments, Textual Research On Wei Quan?s Annotations of Zuo Si?s"San Du Fu", and Textual Research On Chen Jingyun?s Versions Cited in Wen Xuan Kao Yi?s Fu Category printed by Hu Kejia.There are, besides the rhapsodies in Fu Category in Wen Xuan, 67 rhapsodies cited in Wen Xuan Ji Zhu fragments. This thesis intends to look into the authors, titles and origins of the 43 rhapsodies, as well as to collate the text which cited in Wen Xuan Ji Zhu.There are many"Wei Zi Yue"( i.e., Wei Quan says) in"Wu Du Fu"of Chao in volume 9 of Wen Xuan Ji Zhu, which are Wei Quan?s annotations in his"San Du Fu Lue Jie". Zhou Fagao, a scholar in Taiwan, compiled 19 pieces of annotations by Wei Quan. Unfortunately, there are some errors and some omissions in his version. This thesis recompiles 21 pieces of Wei Quan?s annotations according to Wen Xuan Ji Zhu fragments, and intends to collate and do some research on them. The Wei Quan?s annotations cited in Chao can only be seen in"Wu Du Fu"of Wen Xuan Ji Zhu, not in"Shu Du Fu". Wei Quan?s"Lue Jie"annotates not only"Wu Du Fu", but also"Shu Du Fu"and"Wei Du Fu". Wei Quan?s"San Du Fu Lue Jie"is the supplement for the variorum annotations by Zhang Zai and Liu Kui. Anyhow, because it lacks value, it has gradually disappeared.This paper texts the 41 pieces of Chen Jingyun?s versions cited in Wen Xuan Kao Yi?s Fu Category printed by Hu Kejia, and comes to the following conclusions: Firstly, the editions employed by Chen Jingyun when selecting the editions of Wen Xuan are, besides the edition by Mao JI Gu Ge, roughly ones from the Mingzhou series and from the Si Ku Quan Shu (complete library in the Four Branches of Literature compiled in Qing Dynasty). Secondly, the different texts in other editions as called by Chen Jingyun, may be collated by Wen Xuan text elsewhere. Thirdly, the other editions called by Chen Jingyun, are not authentically different versions of Wen Xuan as some different texts may be the scholars? correction according to other literary versions rather than Wen Xuan.