Japanese Meiji Period Of Civil Rights And The Right To Conflict And Its Destination

After Meiji Restoration, the government implements a series of methods to strengthen central power, such as abolishing the quondam municipalism to set up the new county and getting aborigines to come back the ancestral home. These methods conduces a lots of dissatisfaction of all social classes, which infringe the benefit of knights and also aggravate the burden of common people. The conflicts between power of nation and the rights of people have become more serious. Leading by democratic ideologist and political chief who introduced the modern idea of democratic rights from western countries, common public apply for setting up a congress and enact the constitution for acquiring civil rights. Public hope to establish a modern democratic nation. This pubic opinion goes against the proposition of Meiji government. Therefore, the claim of democratic rights and the protest of national power divided and produce two different view of parties confronting each other. At the era,not only the establishment of domestic democratic rights are important, but also the nation independence is a very important issue for the rigorous international situation including its relations between western countries and Asian countries. So, it accelerates the complexity and becomes the important factor which influences the changes between national power and democratic parties. This article mainly describes the process of eat and flow between national power and democratic rights in correspondence with changes of domestic and international circumstance. It explores the distinct characteristics of thinking in different period. Also, it probes into the historical and cultural reasons that democratic rights wear down finally and the influence followed to the Japan modernization.Chapter one discusses the National Power and Democratic rights at the initiatory period. It inquires into the general character and social contribution and limitation of the National Power and Democratic rights in Japan. Then, the chapter discusses the relationship by analyzing two representative thoughts of Yukiti Fukuzawa & Hiroyuki Kato as the torchbearers. It also probes into why the relations kept and the influence caused by confliction between the National Power and Democratic rights in Japan through the social background of initial stage of Meiji and the experience of two torchbearers. Chapter two describes the uprising of the democratic rights movement and the response of the National Power clique. It discusses the reform executed by Meiji government to strengthen centralism and meet the needs to get Japan as current nation form. It implements a lot of methods, such as abolishing the quondam municipalism to set up the new county and getting aborigines to come back the ancestral home. These methods shocked the knights so seriously who have always kept dominant in shogunate ages that they get very dissatisfied and hostile to the Meiji government. Taisuke Itagaki and Sinpe Eto, who lost the power because of protest invading Korean, summit the"proposal to establish the voting chamber"to the government in 1874, in which they deprecates the bureaucratic system and propose to set up the voting chamber and allow people have the right of suffrage and attending the council. The proposal get a lot of supports from the knights and it indicates the beginning of the movement of Democratic rights. Other than introducing the period and background of the movement, this chapter also probes into the main characters of Democratic rights by analysis the launcher of movement and the core documents of important organization. It explore the essential of the constitutionalism of Meiji government by introducing the constitutional thought and controversy between the Democratic right clique and initiatory ideologist, then find the difference of the opinion between each other.Chapter three describes the flourishing of the democratic right proposition and the counterattack of the National Power clique. The main part of the Democratic right movement has extended to esquire and farmers from the knights with the movement of democratic rights. The new spokesman such as Edamori Ueki and Tyomin Nakae play increasingly important roles in the movement because they plough their though into practice. The changes of new leaders and the main body update the way of thinking and the movement develop to a new stage with it integrate actual benefit of people generally. At this stage, the patriotic society pushes the movement extending all over the country and constitutes to"Expecting for Congress League", it enact the constitution protocol of democracy and set up the freedom party, then the movement of democratic right developed as an organized and programmed political movement, it leads to the flourish of demorcracy thought. This chapter mainly discusses the development of democratic right movement push the rising of democracy thought, and the attack of national power party such as Meiji government and Yukiti Fukuzawa and Hiroyuki Kato.The viewpoint of the fourth chapter is the flourishing of National power proposition and the recession of democratic rights claim. It describes the transformation between the democratic right and national power parties, as the result of confliction, the national power parties supported by Meiji government regain the power of constitution and public opinion through the coup d'etat in Meiji year 14th, and the event of Japan-Korea such as Renwu and Jiashen accelerate this process. At same time, Meiji government reassign Hirobumi Ito go to Europe to acquire the constitution which can suppress the democratic parties completely. With the help of German scholar, Hirobumi Ito find the classical constitutions which are combined Japan emperor's authority with constitutional system of latter-day perfectly, it lay a foundation for the complete success of national power parties. This chapter mainly dissertate the process of the flourishing of national power proposition and the recession and fall off of democratic rights claim at last, which influenced by a series of historic events, including the Japan-Korea event, Prussian constitutional system establishment, outspreading of national power protest by Yukiti Fukuzawa and China-Japan Jiawu war and so on.The last chapter summarizes the changes and relationship between the democratic rights and national power at the stage of Meiji. It mainly analyze the historical and cultural reasons of the changes, explores the important influence for the Japan modernization and the illumination for us.