Study Of Ernst Bloch's Utopian Philosophy

Around the First World War,a mood of despair filled in Europe. Capitalism modern industrial society has caused a "soulless" world of the instrumental rationality. The meaning of human life crisis, the spirit of the crisis has taken place. In such a social and historical moment, a lot of intellectuals are deeply in the cultural anxiety. At the same time, they also strive against and criticize the capitalist society extensively and in-depth, and looking for a solution to the crisis in the spirit of the times. Among this group of intellectuals who have a sense of responsibility, Ernst Bloch , regarded as one of the pioneers of Western Marxist philosophy, is the most typical one. In the book of Utopia Spirit which was first published in 1918, Bloch set forth a utopian philosophy, it is a philosophy stimulating the spirit of people to surpass the reality, coming out of darkness, and looking ahead.His distinctive and irreplaceable utopian philosophy is a profound futurology with a wide horizon in which he made great contributions to the enrichment and evolution of Marxism in the century with abundant theoretical resources and totally new theoretical perspectives.Based on the studies of the background of the times and the history of the emergence of utopian philosophy, the dissertation makes profound studies on the analysis of the characteristics of the spirit of utopia, the dynamic theory of utopian spirit, the ontology of not-yet-being, hope metaphysics, emancipating utopia. It also makes a comparative study on the utopian philosophy with Molterman's Hope theology. In the end, the dissertation brings us a evaluation on the relation between Bloch's utopian philosophy and Marxist philosophy, which shows that Bloch's utopian philosophy is the inheritance and innovation of Marxist practical philosophy, and it proves that Bloch's utopian philosophy has a more and more obvious standpoint of Marxist philosophy from the period of The Spirit of Utopia to that of The Principle of Hope. This paper attempts to clarify that, the essence of Bloch's utopian philosophy is to understand and wake-up the spirit of utopia, that is the impulse to hope urging us to surge forward, to abrogate and transcend the culture puzzle dom whose characteristic is alienation, in order to achieve self -liberation, enable people to become a real creative subject of historical process, realize a classless society.Bloch's distinctive studies on utopian philosophy provide theoretical coordinate in establishing profound theory of justice, genuine ideas of equality and the highest good, which facilitate resuming the metaphysical dimensionality of philosophy and provide a theoretical and practical method to fulfill the important task entrusting to Marxist philosophy and us by our era. Bloch and his utopian philosophy are the most precious cultural heritages of our time.