The Study Of Missionary And Chinese American Community Upon The Perspective Of The Cultural Communation Theory (1848-1900)

America is an immigrant and religious country. So the history of American religion could also be taken as the history of American immigrants. The immigrant and religious problems mix with to be the inseparable to one to another. Moreover, the mixture goes in two ways. On the one hand, American immigrants land on with their traditional religions, such as Catholicism, Judaism, Islamism, Buddhism, Taoism, etc, which make American religion special and pluralistic. On the other hand, Christianity the American biggest culture attempts to assimilate the immigrants into her dominance. With that lots of Christian missionaries spread the gospels among the immigrants. They manage to unite all immigrants under the light of the God. The pluralistic situation and the Christian will of integration make the two twist lines of the American immigrants and their religion. Due to that contradiction is unavoidable.As the earliest immigrant group from Asia, Chinese American has the contradiction. Chinese immigrants bring with them the Chinese traditional religion, including Buddhism, Taoism, and folk religions. They are different from European's. As soon as the Chinese land on America, American Christian churches notice them and Christian missionaries come onto the Chinese community engaging the conversion to involve the Chinese with the American Christianity. The missionaries make up of cultural communication between Chinese traditional culture and American culture in the 19th century and ground work the Chinese American Christianization.This dissertation tries to use cultural communication theory to analyze the historical course of the missionaries'culture communication action in 19th Chinese American community from the angle of culture communication's circumstance, subject, manner and contents, and object etc, and probes the evaluation of the cultural communication effect. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this dissertation consists of four chapters as follows:Chapterâ… probes the form of the cultural communication circumstance among Chinese Americans in the 19th century. With the golden rash in California, Chinese ship to the west coast of America in great numbers. Because of the exclusion and discrimination of American society, and sojourn intention of Chinese immigrates, Chinese American transplants their traditional culture from China to America. The clash between Chinese culture and Christian culture is unavoidable. It also enhances the culture communication between them. Chapterâ…¡probes the motions of the American missionaries. First, the missionaries have the motion to transmit the God's evangelicalism. Second, the missionaries regarded Chinese immigrant as the menace to the Anglo-Saxon white society. By means of the conversion they believe they can mop out the Oriental spoils on Chinese Americans. Third, the missionaries intent to train Chinese missionaries to spread their belief in China.Chapterâ…¢probes the cultural communication manner of Christian missionaries in Chinese American community in the 19th century, including establishment of Chinese missions and churches; street preach; Rescue Home founding, rescuing of Chinese women; setting up Sunday School, etc.Chapterâ…£probes the Chinese American's reaction to the American missionaries. Most of Chinese immigrants both Chinese masses and outstanding persons resist on the missionary. However, there is a group of minority Chinese establish their belief on Christianity.The conclusion sums up the factors that work on the cultural communication impacts, among them are, circumstance, motivation, manner, object's resistance and so on. Accordingly, it draws the conclusion that the missionaries could not succeed their mission among Chinese Americans in the 19th century.