.1957 Of Rectification Turned To The History Of The Anti-rightist Movement Of Thinking

In the process of history development, the relationship between reason and result of some important incidents usually is not single but multiple. Therefore, unexpected changes usually could happen. From May 1st, the rectification movement to June 8th, the beginning of the anti-Rightist struggle, within the less than 40 days, the Communist Party changed his mind totally and experienced the important turning point. Just like the title of Zedong Mao's article, "Going to the opposite", the result from the rectification movement is totally different from the initial motive. Also such a big turning affects China for the following twenty years. Then what is the internal reason on earth to make the motive and the result so different? In the opinion of Marxism materialism and the principle of the relationship of theory and practice and by the detailed historical facts, we discussed in detail how it happened from the rectification movement to the anti-Rightist struggle. Why could it happen? And what is the deeper reason for it? At the same time, we summarize the historical lesson from the broadening of anti-Rightist struggle in today's view, so as to serve the construct of democracy and politics and the scientific ruling of Chinese Communist Party in the new historical conditions. The main points of view of this thesis include:First, although they can not be separated for the rectification movement and the anti-Rightist struggle, while they are two different processes. They are totally different in the blow objects and the movement style. But they have one in common, which is to strengthen the status of ruling party of Community Party.Second, there are three reasons for Zedong Mao to start the rectification movement. (1) It is to learn the lessons from the Russian, polish and Hungarian incidents and to strengthen democracy. (2) It is to adjust the relationship between the Communist Party and the other democracy parties and the non-Party intellectuals. Get rid of their discontent and unite them closely to continue to rebuild. (3) In the new situations, it is to strengthen the construction of Communist Party to overcome bureaucracy, sectarianism, and subjectivism.Third, although the initial motive of rectification is not for against the rightist, while it really has the trace and ideological basis to do the change. That is the "open" of Mao and the Communist Party is not the "open" without restriction. In fact, Mao Zedong is alert to the possibly happened antisocialism idea.Fourth, the initial motive of the rectification movement is not for against the Rightists, but the result is the anti-Rightist struggle. The reason for this change of direction is: (1) It is the misevaluation of the intellectuals. It exaggerates the "open" effects of intellectuals. It is also because the intellectuals are not trusted, which is the deeper reason. (2) The understanding of the major contradictions of socialism society presents instability. Therefore, when it is faced to the sharp society contradictions, the correct idea was given up. The old thinking of class struggle came back. (3) It is not really understood what socialism society is. This is the even deeper reason for the change of direction from the rectification movement to the anti-Rightist struggle. It is not really understood what the socialism is. Such as: it did not break through the mode of Stalin in the understanding of socialism mode; it lacked correct understanding of socialism democracy and it took democracy more like a kind of tool; it neglected the construction of socialism democracy and advocated "big democracy".Fifth, it made a big mistake in broadening the struggle. It applies in three aspects: in the nature, it mixes up the boundary between two kinds of contradictions. It took a lot of contradictions among people as the contradictions to enemies; in the number, it broadened the very few Rightists to the number of more than 550, 000; in the punishment, they were hit heavily by the Party discipline or administrative sanction. Some were even put in jail. It had so many effects for the broadening mistake of anti-Rightist struggle. It destroyed the normal development of democracy construction of the Party and the country; a lot of intellectuals were treated with blow and suppression; It also had very negative effect in the self-construction of the cadres of the Communist Party; It destroyed the stable developed economy policy; The most severe effect is the modification of the Eighth Conference's theory. The contradictions between the different classes became the main society contradictions, which made "Left" began to spread.Sixth, it is the historical reassessment about the broadening of the anti-Rightist struggle. The key to resolve the problem of the ideological style of the Communist Party cadre is to strengthen the law construction; To develop the democracy politics of socialism; To strengthen the law systems of socialism society. Manage state affairs according to law. Let the supervisors in the protection of laws; Strengthen the ability construction of the ruling party. Especially, it is the democracy construction of the Party itself; The most important lesson that we learn is to realize the change from the struggling thinking to the ruling thinking. Only by this, such kind of tragedy could be avoided. In a summary, the rectification movement of 1957 is a pioneering attempt. It was lead by Zedong Mao, in the condition of ruling the country for the purpose of strengthening the democracy and construction of the Party. Although this attempt was failed, however, the contribution it made to the exploration and discovery and the lesson that we learned is a precious historical heritage and a valuable revelation to us even today.