The Study On Vulnerability-stress Model Of Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms

Objective:(1) To describe the development tendency of adolescents' depressive somatic and psychological symptoms,and analyze the developmental characteristics of adolescents' depressive symptoms.(2) To explore the effect of cultural orientation,alexithymia,neuroticism, social support and stress on adolescents' somatization and psychologization,and construct the adolescents' cultural,emotional, personality and interpersonal vulnerability-stress model separately.Methods:(1) In the cross sectional study,3835 adolescents,aged 11-21,completed the Center Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D).The scores of total CES-D,CES-D subscales of somatic and psychological symptoms were compared between different aged adolescents.(2) In the longitudinal study,613 high school students completed the following 6 scales:CES-D,Individualism and Collectivism Scale(ICS),20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20), NEO Five Factor Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale(FFI-N),Social Support Scale for Adolescents(SSSA),and Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire(ALEQ-R) at time one.A follow-up assessment did 3 months later,and the subjects finished the CES-D and ALEQ-R 4 times during the following one year.Vulnerability-stress models for depressive symptoms were tested by Hierarchical Liner Model(HLM).Results:(1) The mean score of CES-D somatic symptoms(F (10,3824) = 3.221,p＜0.001) and psychological symptoms(F(10,3824) = 17.372,p＜0.001) increased significantly with age.(2) The following results were analyzed by HLM.Neither the main effect of Collectivism (F(1,579)=3.19,p＞0.05) nor the Collectivism×stress interaction (F(1,1216)=2.78,p＞0.05) on adolescents' somatization was significant. Neither the main effect of Individualism(F(1,568)=0.33,p＞0.05) nor the Individualism×stress interaction(F(1,1211)=0.21,p＞0.05) on adolescents' psychologization was significant.(3) All the main effect of DIF(Difficulty Identifying Feelings)(F(1,542)=24.73,p＜0.0001),DDF (Difficulty Describing Feelings)(F(1,541)= 19.50,p＜0.0001),the DIF×stress interaction(F(1,1179)=4.98,p＜0.05) and the DDF×stress interaction(F(1,1176)= 5.27,p＜0.05) on adolescents' somatization were significant.The main effect of DIF(F(1,538)=22.52,p＜0.0001) and DDF(F(1,537)=23.06,p＜0.0001) on adolescent's psychologization were significant,whereas the DIF×stress(F(1,1183)=2.07,p＞0.05) and the DDF×stress(F(1,1180)= 2.39,p＞0.05) interaction were not significant.(4) Both the main effect of Neuroticism(F(1,551)=18.42,p＜0.0001) and the Neuroticism×stress interaction(F(1,1155)=7.62,p＜0.001) on adolescents' somatization were significant.Both the main effect of Neuroticism(F(1,548)=19.72,p＜0.0001) and the Neuroticism×stress interaction(F(1,1156)=5.3,p＜0.05) on adolescents' psychologization were significant.(4) Neither the main effect of Parents Support (F(1,566)=1.20,p＞0.05)nor the Parents Support×stress interaction (F(1,1188)=0.00,p＞0.05) on adolescents' somatization was significant. Neither the main effect of Parents Support(F(1,563)=1.67,p＞0.05) nor the Parents support×stress interaction(F(1,1195)=1.79,p＞0.05) on adolescents' psychologization was significant.(6) The main effect of Peers Support(F(1,560)=2.34,p＞0.05).on adolescents' somatizatin was not significant,whereas the Peers support×stress interaction (F(1,1173)=4.15,p＜0.05) was significant.The main effect of Peers Support(F(1,556)=1.35,p＞0.05) on adolescents' psychologization was not significant,whereas the interaction Peers support×stress (F(1,1177)=4.15,p＜0.01) was significant.Conclusion:(1)The level of adolescents' somatization and psychologization increased with age.(2) The Collectivism and Individualism didn't predict the adolescent's somatization and psychologyzation.(3) High DIF and DDF were the vulnerability factors of adolescents' psychologization,and supported the somatization alexithy -mia vulnerability-stress model.(4) High Neuroticism supported the somatization and psychologization neuroticism vulnerability-stress model. (5) The Parents Support didn't predict the adolescent's somatization and psychologization.(6) Low Peers Support supported the somatization and psychologization neuroticism vulnerability-stress model.