The Relationships Among Cognitive Vulnerabilities,Stressors,And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescence:A Longitudinal Study

Objective(1)The prevalence of depressive symptoms in chinese adolescents;(2)Test the the appropriateness of the cross-lagged design panel in chinese sample,the the cross-lagged design panel include autoregressive paths、vulnerability model、stress generation model and consequence model;(3) Examine sex differences in these pathways among cognitive vulnerabilities, stressors, and depressive symptoms.Method:A fully cross-lagged design panel was employed with 414 adolescents(190 girls and 224 boys) who were assessed at two time points separated by 6 months. They completed five measures to assess cognitive vulnerabilities(automatic thoughts、congnitive style、emotion rgulation), stressors(life events), and depressive symptoms:(1)ATQ;(2)CSQ-A;(3)ERQ;(4)ALEQ-R;(5)CES-D.Results(1)The prevalence of depressed mood symptomatology(cutoff score on the CES-D >16) was 28.99% at T1 and25.36% at T2. The prevalence of severe depressed mood(cutoff score >28) was 6.52%at T1 and 5.31% at T2.(2)The hypothesized structural model was tested.The fit indexes were excellent for the model, χ2/df=2.889;CFI=0.917; IFI=0.918; TFI=0.904;RMSEA=0.068。(3)In the autoregressive paths,all the autoregressive effects were statistically significant. Initial levels of stressors and some cognitive vulnerabilities predicted prospective increases in depressive symptoms. Initial levels of depressive symptoms and most cognitive vulnerabilities predicted greater stress generation. Initial levels of stressors and depressive symptoms predicted an increase in negative inferential style and maladaptive schema domains over time. Conclusion:(1)depressive symptoms prevalently exist in chinese adolescents, but there is no significantly sex differences between adolescent girls and boys;(2)the the cross-lagged design panel,which include autoregressive paths、vulnerability model、stress generation model and consequence model, is applicable for chinese adolescents;(3)These bidirectional relationships were mostly similar for boys and girls, although there were a few gender differences.