Reason And Possible World

Possible world is an important area of modern philosophy that has not yet been fully explored. It can be used as a collective noun of various worlds constructed by human reason beyond the perceptual world. Although possible world is not necessarily a real world thought by traditional rationalists, it is certainly not a broken world left after deconstruction by anti-rationalism of post-modern. Possible world is a possible reality world between them. It can be used as the substitute of the so-called traditional real world, and thus proceed to push the rationality to the position of ontology because it is the essential attribute of human reason that is always beyond the perceptual world. In general, thinking reason as a concept of ontology is not only related with reason, but also the reality world. Accordingly, there are also the two different ideas out of these difficulties. One is to farewell to reason like all the post-modern anti-rationalist, the other is to farewell to reality world and to take to possible world. Rebuilding possible world in philosophy to replace the traditional reality world can provide a new thinking platform for the contemporary philosophy to reconstruct the rationalism belief in the post-modern context, and provide an objective ideological basis for its legitimacy. At the same time, rebuilding possible world in philosophy is also rebuilding the metaphysics of scientific theories. It would open a new thinking space finally for contemporary philosophy to transcend the scholasticism argued between realism and anti-realism and to return to life world.The core of this article is to rebuild the philosophical possible world. And it does consist of the three major components:preface, body and conclusion.In preface, I would return to the common source of the history of natural philosophy and natural science, and I would think the common difficulties of natural philosophy and natural science. That is the transcendence and dogmatism of logos, and the illusiveness of reality world. And then I can think possible world as a new concept that may be a way out of the troubles of logos. And then I can further elaborate the specific purpose, significance, the research status at home and abroad, overall conception, and theoretical and methodological issues in this article. In preface, I have discussed two important ideas especially. That is, the philosophy of nature is the misreading of possible world, and the philosophy of science is the misreading of scientific theory. Accordingly, possible world would be placed in the context of philosophy of nature and philosophy of science.The main content of body text includes the ontological rebuilding of possible world, and its uses in philosophy of science.The first part of this article begins with the reconstruction of possible world. Here I mainly discuss how to define the philosophical possible world. Because of choosing a new approach different from post-modernism, I can continue the discussion smoothly under the relationship between subject and object, and I can rebuild the possible world according to the Host-guest relations. Specifically, it includes three components:First of all, define the host-guest interaction interface; then explain our world according to such an interface; and finally, define the possible world according to the several of certainty which exists in our perceptual world. In other words, I can define all the worlds outside the host-guest interface as possible world. It is the product produced by human reason beyond the perceptual world. In the first part of the final, I have explained the relationship between possibility, certainty and actuality in theory. It is my possible world, which places possibility and necessity on the basis of actuality, and is different from that of modal logic. And it is my ideological basis with which I can further discuss possible world.In the second part I further discuss the nature of possible worlds. First of all, I am combing all sorts of thoughts of possible worlds comprehensively and systematically in philosophy, logic and physics since ancient Greece, which further enriches the abstract concept of possible world. On this basis, I point out and analyze the four wrong ideas in the Lewis'realism interpretation of possible world, such as abandoning the absolute priority of our world, and point out the absence of the world in the Kripk's phenomenal interpretation of possible world, and so on. In the final of second part, I point out that possible world must be explained comprehensively to combine the possible with the world. In other words, possible world would neither is jeal, nor false, not to be understood as nominalism, so I think it as possiblism, or. possible realism.In the third part, I discuss the types of possible worlds. Possible world can be divided into four typical types here, including universals possible world, logic possible world and its development, physical possible world and historical possible world, which is often called the real world by Traditional rationalist. In this section, I discuss mainly the universal possible world of entity, property and relationships. In the section of logic possible world and its development, I compare Lewis model with Kripke model, and summarize the basic characteristics of them, then present imagine possible world and a negative possible world. In physical possible world, I further summarize briefly the 16 kinds of possible worlds. In the final of the third part, I put forward to explore the historical possible world, and outline the three types of historical noumenon possible world, historical materials possible world and historical construction possible world.Part IV is also to discuss the types of possible worlds, mainly several very typical possible worlds, which have been misread in natural philosophy and natural sciences since ancient Greece. Mathematical possible world is a product of thinking mathematics as world ontology, and can be constructed by Lewis model and Kripke model respectively. The mechanism possible world is a product of thinking mechanical necessity as world ontology. Quantum possible world is as if Plato's cave world, and could also be attributed to the mathematical possible world. In teleology possible world, I further explaine the four different representations of creationism, vitalism, preformatism and evolutionism. In the final of Part IV, I discuss possible worlds and impossible worlds theoretically in the framework of possible worlds. Not all possible worlds are the equivalent of affirmative action. The possibility of the possible worlds would depend on its association with the host-guest interface. Otherwise, it is difficult to make a clear limit with the post-modernism.The fifth part of the discussion may be the philosophy of science in possible world, the core is about the nature of scientific theories. First of all, according to the distinction between the external and internal experience, all human knowledge can be divided into the two major categories of knowledge of phenomenon and knowledge of conceptf and they are both human knowledge on the possible world. Language, logic and mathematics are the structural knowledge of universals possible world. Scientific theory is a product of which the knowledge of phenomenon assimilated with knowledge of concept in a particular logical structure of mathematics. And it is first a possible world. Truth in science is a perceptual and specific "real" showed the host-guest interface. In the context of possible worlds, the dispute between scientific realism and anti-realism is nothing to do with the reality world. This may be a new and possible overall conception about the nature of scientific theories.In the final part, I return to the issue of rational, and make it echoed the same foreword, thinking possible world as a way out of difficulty of human reason, and thus I have achieved my overall conception of reconstruction of rationalism in the post-modern context. First of all, I reiterate that the transcendent is the nature of human reason. Then I summarize and generalize a concrete manifestation of a dozen of human reasons among troubled in ontology, epistemology, linguistics, axiology. In the section of possible world as a new choice of ontology, I have discussed mainly the possibility and legality of possible world of ontology. Finally, I summarize several main conclusions on philosophy of science in possible world. In conclusion, postmodernism is not the only way out of the troubles of reason. Towards the possible world, this should be a painless therapy to save the traditional rationalism and its ontology in the context of post-modern.This is a meta-theoretical study of philosophy of nature and philosophy of science. Although it involves more areas of the possible world, such as concept, nature, type and its relationship with the perceptual world, however, in the final analysis, it is also the metaphysical reconstruction of science. Since this article was in general position in the metaphysics of ontological level, thus the research methods consistent has always been mainly the speculative methods of thinking of traditional philosophy. Because possible world may be involved in all aspects of the worlds, therefore, there are various research methods in my article, such as linguistic analysis, logic analysis method, phenomenology method, hermeneutical methods, analytical method of history, and so on. In general, there are two characteristics in the research method of this article:one is all the discussion to be launched in the broad framework of host-guest relations, the other is all the conflicting and contradictory methods, such as the abstract thinking and concrete evidence, logical deduction and non-logical way to imagine, is often used to combine together dialectically.