Research On Science, Technology & Culture Of Hengdong Region In Tang Dynasty

As to Tang Dynasty, which has created prosperity in the political, economic and cultural aspects of China's feudal society, Hedong Region, the origion of royal power, not only represents the foundation and stability of royal power, but also is placed in an important strategic position, in the Dynastywith it's high-performance system, a unique geographic advantage and the lasting power of meteorological dynasty. According to this, the paper will analyze Hedong Region's naturescientific thinkingas well as the representative construction technology, metallurgy technology, brewing technology and salt-making technology, with it's ever-lasting accumulation of technology, cluture and conceptto display Hedong's prosperous science and culture in Tang Dynasty to seek the culturalinstitutional and technological motivation behind the prosperity of scienceto explore the cultural charm's creation by the development of science and technology.The article includes introduction, eight chapters' systematical discussions, conclusion and postscript.The introduction part poses two questions to be answered in the paper:one is why Hedong's science developed, the other one is how it becomes the province with the largest number of historical relics.Meanwhile, it generally elaborates the basic idea to answer questions.The first question involves three aspects, Hedong's special status in Tang Dynasty, its supporting policy of technological development, and Hedong technological development's tradition and cluture.The second question issues natural surroundings' selection of Hedong's ground architectural heritage and the Region's materials and technologies of ground constrction two aspects.We seek to achieve a breakthrough in the three-dimensional study about local technology histroy through this article, that is the combination of local technology histroy and local culture, the revelation of local technology development's inner motivation, expansion of the local scientific and technological research.It is commented from five aspects related to the article's research, including Tang Dynasty's culture, technology, Hedong Cluture, Hedong Technology and foreign studies.The first Chapter brings Hedong region's technology progress and scientific culture in Tang Dynasty to a close. This part, as the master of the paper, on the basis of dissecting and summarizing Hedong's long histroy of technical tradition and technology progress in Tang Dynasty, makes a discussion about the relationship between Hedong technology progress and scientific culture in Tang Dynasty mainly from three respects.They are the technical instrument thinking of Human power must conquering Natural, the systematical thinking of human and nature's harmoney and the essential thinking of human and nature's irrelevance and the importance to Human-power.Furthermore, it is proved by technical achievements, such as the iron-cow Bridge Over Yellow River in Pujindu, salt-making technology of watering-and-drying in the farmland, copper mirrors, Cutlery, large Aqueduct of Fen River in Taiyuan, temple construction, Xiangshouju Garden, Guanque Tower and so on.The second chapter is for Hedong region's civilized tradition and technological development's policy motivation in Tang Dynasty.It has analyzed the reasons of technological development, from the origion of Hedong culture and Tang Dynasty's technological policy two aspects. The first aspect traces Shanxi civilization development vein from the fields of national integration, economy, population, product, culture, science and technology, military, talents construction.While the second aspect focuses on Tang Dynasty's open---technology policy, technology incentives policy, the implementation of significant science and technology projects, the promotion of scientific and technological achievements four dimensions, deeply analyzing the policy motivations of scientific and technological development with typical examples.The third chapter is for Hedong region's natural view and scientific thinking. The development of science and technology can not be separated from the guidance of scientific thinking. Shanxi ideological materialism and traditional atheism thought have had a fundamental and far-reaching impact on its politics, economy, thought, culture and science and technology. This chapter taking Hedong typical characters in all areas as a clue, from the view of nature (Wang Bo, Wang Wei, warm was greatly elegant, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan), the medicine thinking (Duan Chengshi, Bai Juyi, Luå–¦), the biology thinkingt (Duan Chengshi), the astronomy thinking (Ma Zhongji) four aspects to analyze and to demonstrate the scientific thinking during this period.The fourth chapter is for lightning mechanism and scientific mechanism of the existentence of ancient architenture in Hedong Region.Taking the east hall of Fuguang Temple in Wutai Mountain as an example, analyzing its geographical location, geological conditions, ecological environment, building materials, building structures, organically integrating the natural thunder eliminating ,the thunder stroke selectivity, the insulation lightning protection three lightning protection mechanisms together, They supplement mutually, complement one another, constitut the reason why Fuguang Temple has not been struck by lighting through thousands of years.Groundingly sum up the multi-system-coordination scientific lightning protection mechanism in the experience of the history of science-based perspective, to make up for a number of important scientific factors neglected from a mere study of ancient architecture protection and research perspective .The fifth chapter is for construction techniques driving-maturity in Hedong.Tang Dynasty. Interpret the development achievements of Hedong, Tang Dynasty through the existing buildings of Tang Dynasty in Shanxi, on the basis of on-site visit.The construction of Taiyuan makes the old city reach its pinnacle of magnificence of history.The four relatively complete and only existent wood buildings of Tang Dynasty are regarded as living fossils in the history of Chinese architecture; Masonry construction represented by tower is looked on as Convincing evidence of understanding the achievements of Masonry construction development in Tang Dynasty. Pujin Bridge is the model of dynamic integration of bridge technology, metallurgical technology and sculpture arts; Xiangshouju Garden creates a new category of Shanxi architecture in both Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.The sixth chapter is for Hedong's metallurgy technology in Tang Dynasty. To some extent, it can be said that it is copper and iron that create China's civilizations.This chapter, with the daitled historical research , presents that Hedong is not only the important base of copper-extracting,but also the main base of money-making. And it expresses Hedong's high technology of extracting copper, through the analysis of copper coins and bronze mirrors' casting process and component analysis. In addition, it demonstrates Hedong's developed technology of extracting large ironwares, through the analysis of giant "tiefo" head in linfen,Shanxi, "tieniu" in pujindu, Shanxi, and Cutlery in Bingzhou. While the analysis of Pujin Bridge on Yongji River arguments the technology and cluture of bridge in Hedong, Tang Dynasty. The seventh chapter is for Hedong's mature technologe of brewing in Tang Dynasty.First,start with social environment, the broader perspective ,such as National relaxed wine policy, a wide range of social needs, Hedong's unique political status, facilitate traffic conditions, the general trend of national integration and so on , to explore the social and historical conditions which lead to Hedong's development in brewing technology in Tang Dynasty, making up for the deficiencies in the long-term field research. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing Hedong famous liquer, to illustrate, "Sangluo", "Fenqing", "Bamboo", wine--making techniques and famous-wine cluture, summarize the features of range varieties and paradigm.The eighth chapter is for Hedong's salt-making technology development and the formation of Salt-basin Culture. This chapter mainly focuses on three matters: first, demonstrating the revolutionary technological changes in salt-making of Hedong Region,Tang Dynasty in the contrast of salt--making technology development; second, argumenting the social factors that lead to the Sali-basin's saltmaking technology development from the salt technology and the similarity of agricultural "paradigm" production's guiding Ideology, the relevance of technical methods and the connection of management these three aspects, comprehensively analyzing the influences on the saltmaking technology,Sali-basin's production, salt profit income, Salt Management, geochemistry, and HedongSalt-basin cluture.Conclusion: After more than eight chapters of the argument, the article from the starting field of culture View, come to the conclusions about history, culture, political system, economy, natural environment and the internal development of science and technology.