Tang Hedong And Literature

As an important part of the Guan Long Group, the Peis clan in Hedong area played an important role in politics and culture in the period from Eastern Han Dynasty to Tang dynasty. In the Southern and Northern dynasty period, the Peis clan in Hedong area began to emigrate, and when it came to Tang dynasty, its clan structure was very different from it was before. The changes of the Peis clan in geographic distribution have mirrored, to some extent, the moving style of clans in Tang dynasty. The favorable traditional clan culture and the civil-service examination system of Tang dynasty give birth to talented Peis men of letters from generation to generation.A lot of members of the Peis clan devoted themselves to literature creation, and some of them got commendable literary achievements, such as Pei Di, Pei Du. However, the Peis clan is more influential in politics. Several members of the Peis clan in Hedong area, as prominent political figures, produced certain effect on literature as well, such as Pei Xingjian, Pei Di.Based on the history of the Peis clan in Hedong area and the related material about some of the Peis-clan members who were engaged in literary creation, and from the perspectives of literature, culture, areas and clans, historical materials and statistics, this paper will give an in-depth analysis of the influences of two or three Peis-clan members'association with their fellow litterateurs with the aim to advance the study of the relationship of clans and literature in Tan dynasty.Introduction explains the meaning and the purpose of why to choose such a topic, gives a review of the academic study on this topic, and provides some information about the study method and the arrangement of the content.Chapter one introduces in a chronological order the development of the Peis clan before Tang dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, the Peis clan settled in Anyi of Hedong area. In the period of Cao Wei, some members of the Peis clan had become very influential figures in politics and literature. And in the Eastern Jin dynasty, the Peis clan had become a very famous clan in China. After Yongjia revolt, the Peis clan in Hedong area began to emigrate all over China. In the early Northern Wei dynasty, those members of the Peis clan who had moved back to Hedong area settled down there and lived a humble life. After the transition of capital to Luoyang in Wei dynasty.some Peis-clan members began to work in central office. The Peis-clan members who adhered to Western Wei and Northern Zhou regimes boarded the stage of history as key members of Guanlong Group, and it was in this period that the Peis clan began to become an influential clan in politics.Chapter Two analyzes the emigrating pattern of every branch of the Peis-clan and how its members'mansions were scattered in Chang'an and Luoyang. The Peis clan's fashionable practice of moving to chang'an and Luoyang came to an end in the prosperous Tang period. In the middle Tang period, some branches of the Peis clan moved to the South, and others settled down in some small cities near Chang'an and Luoyang. In the late Tang period, the branches of the Peis clan which had settled down in small cities began to expand to surrounding cities. In Tang dynasty, a number of the Peis'members had mansions in chang'an and Luoyang. These Peis'mansions in chang'an share the following features:serving for political purposes, convenient to live, close to water, clustered-built and spirituality. Before the An and Shi's Revolt, most of the Peis'mansions in Luoyang were built near the Yishui River in the south of the city, which shows a strong tendency of gregarious living.Chapter Three sorts out the related materials which record the Peis'literary creation, and analyzes in detail the literary creation of every branches of the Peis clan. With no enough consciousness to practice literary creation, the literary works produced by the Peis do not have that much literary value. When the Peis were doing their creative works, they put pragmatism before aestheticism. However, the prevailing atmosphere that permeated in society in every period has little effect on the Peis'literary creation. Their conception on literary creation does not change from the very beginning to the end. Here, by analyzing the literary creation of every branch of the Peis clan, the relationship of literature, imperial examination system and politics can be concluded.Chapter Four put the relationship of Pei Xingjian and "the four famous poets in the early Tang Dynasty" as the issue. First, Pei Xingjian's bloodline, life and government positions are researched and confirmed. Then Luo Binwang's punitive expedition to the western region is given an analysis. Finally, it discussed Pei Xingjian's opinion and judgment of "the four famous poets in the early Tang Dynasty" researches and confirms the background, time and deep-level reasons of revising, enlarging and versionizing Pei Xingjian's biographical sketch.Chapter Five is on Pei Di's life and his association with the rural landscape poets in the prosperous Tan dynasty. Pei Di is the descendant of the Xiama branch of the Peis clan, whose ancestor is Pei Tianshou. Pei Di was born in the fifth year of Kaiyuan of Tan dynasty. He got the Xiucai's title in the last year of Kaiyuan, passed the confucianism erudition examination in the October of the first year of Tianbao and then was given an official position. With the introduction of Zhan Jiuling, Pei Di got to know Men Haoran and befriended with him when he was making a traveling tour to Xianzou in the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan. In the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan, he purchased some extra properties in Lantian when he began to know Wan Wei and some other poets. After the second year of Tianbao, Pei Di left Chang'an for new appointment and until the thirteenth year of Tianbao, he was transferred back and could once again associate with Wan Wei.Chapter Six studies Pei Du's bloodline, life, literary creation and his literary conception. Coming from the eastern branch of the Peis clan, Pei Du was well cultivated. In this chapter, Pei Du's achievements in poetry, essay and ode are analyzed.