The Research On The Relationship Between The Central Government And Local Governments In Tang Dynasty

The relationship between the Central Government and Local Governments catches our attention in History and Reality, and it becomes an important issue. Since the late Tang Dynasty, there was the trend of splitting in the Central Government, the centrifugal force redoubled, the unified and strong dynasty turned down sharply, and this change in the ancient history of China was quite rare. Therefore, the changes of this period in the relationship between the Central Government and Local Governments are worthy of our attention and research.This article is intended to research Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently, Local Government officials having the Central rank and the officials Local Governments appointed, by means of which to research the relationship between the Central Government and Local Governments in Tang Dynasty. It can be said that there is a main content to research the changes of these local officials;and there is a deeper content to research the relationship between the Central Government and Local Governments in Tang Dynasty.The first chapter is to discuss the reasons and changes of Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently. We think there were kinds of reasons of Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently's appearing in the early Tang Dynasty:the significance of the military affairs, such as strengthening pacification of the separatist forces, crusade the border areas and defense the alien or betrayed; the significance of the political affairs, such as increasing the political management of the capitals or to draw one's attention to the Hero and Royal members; the significance of the administrative affairs, such as being emphasis on constructing of the Local; the significance of the economic affairs, such as strengthening economic management of Henan and Hebei. But in the period of Kaiyuan(开元),there was the trend of weakness and symbol in the Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently. For example, there was the symbolic trend in the Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently of royal members. In the late Tang Dynasty, the intent and function weakened in the Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently:in the period of Suzong(肃宗)and Daizong(代宗),its intent and function were the military and economic affairs;in the period of Dezong(德宗),its intent and function were the economic affairs;the political and administrative intent and function demised in the late Tang Dynasty. The first chapter also discusses how to distinguish the Local Government Officials which Central Government Officials hold concurrently between Local Government officials having the Central rank.The second chapter is to discuss the changes of Local Government officials having the Central rank. We think that in the early Tang Dynasty, the Local governors having good performs and governors of the military hub and the frontier were awarded the Central rank. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were the features of individuality and locality in Local Government officials having the Central rank. With the changes of the political situation, there were great changes in its contents and features. For example,the people who establish a merit or demote or surrender and governors of the military hub in the mainland were awarded the Central rank also. In the late Tang Dynasty, there were great changes in the contents and types and features of Local Government officials having the Central rank. Its distribution was more balanced, and Local Government officials having the Central rank became institutionalized. In the types of governors of the military hub, its distribution was more concentrated in the mainland, which was reflecting the change in the military defense. The fourth section is to discuss that the meaning and role and functions of the Central rank. We think that the Central rank was virtual. Its role could be played because the community and people feared for the Central rank. And this can explain why theirs were symbolic titles to some extent, the Central Government would award them the Central rank. Of course, the Central rank could give them certain practical benefits. The last section is to discuss that there was a qualitative change of Local Government officials having the Central rank in the late Tang Dynasty.The third chapter is to discuss that the officials Local Governments appointed. Firstly, to discuss that there were changes of identification the officials Local governments appointed. We think that in the early Tang Dynasty, the Central Government only allowed members of official staff, and allowed Qianzi guan (前资官) gradually, and allowed Sanshi guan (散试官) after the period of Muzong(穆宗)and Wenzong(文宗). And the allowed regions were expanding gradually. Secondly, to discuss that the changes of the provision about assistants holding a post of the Local officials. We think that the Central Government partly allowed assistants to hold a post of the Local officials in the early Tang Dynasty. Of course, the limitation of such an undertaking was very small. Before the period of Muzong (穆宗), the Central Government banned assistants from holding a post of the Local officials severely. After this period, the Central Governments loosened the provision about assistants holding a post of the Local officials. Of course, there were different degrees in the being loosened of the provision of different regions. Finally, to discuss that characteristics of the officials Local Governments appointed.We think that there were four characteristics in the the officials Local Governments appointed. On the basis of three chapters, we would draw that the changes of the three kinds of local government officials reveal that the highly centralized system of the location was dispelling. And these three kinds of local government officials conbined together in the cutting down and keeping up and destruction.