The Research On The Cultural View Of Marx And Engels

Culture is an important component of social life, thus as the overall development of human social life of the general theory of understanding of the law theories of Marx and Engels must contain cultural outlook. In-depth excavation and finishing the cultural view of Marx and Engels is not only the theories of Marx and Engels have long been obscured in this important field of vision out of the need for reproduction, but also accurately grasp and understanding of the theories of Marx and Engels can not be saved as a basic work. Around the research on the cultural view of Marx and Engels, the text is divided into four chapters:The first chapter, the premise issues of the research on the cultural view of Marx and Engels. The research on the cultural view of Marx and Engels that we are carrying out must be established the logic point of this study to answer why the cultural outlook of Marx and Engels to exist in the presence and historical necessity of these premises issues.First, the logic point of this study. At present, there are hundreds of kinds of the concept of culture, from the final significance, about a different understanding of the concept of culture, in large part to influence and even to determine the basic direction of its possible to achieve depth. In the basic meanings of Chinese and Western culture and the concept of culture of Marx and Engels on the basis of the use of introspection, we believe that the inherent nature of all cultures is that it is spirituality, a culture lose its spiritual identity, thus losing its "cultural" significance; at the same time, characterization of the spirit of the times "ideology" ,"socialist spiritual civilization", "advanced culture" and "harmonious culture" are alleged in a narrow sense the spirit of the culture, "sandwich enlightenment" also has been the basic connotation of the traditional culture. Therefore, we narrow the spiritual and cultural base to determine the logic point of this study.Second, the cultural view of Marx and Engels's theoretical framework, research methods and narrative methods. Marx and Engels, from a realistic man and its activities, social life, dynamic and static production practices such as the three hierarchical structure, established a historical materialist view of culture. Marx and Engels applied main methods: from behind thinking, Scientific abstraction, holistic methods of research methods and realistic historical narrative, dialectical method of two kinds of narrative methods. Marx and Engels's theoretical framework of cultural values, research methods and narrative approach is an underlying unity. They confirm the existence of cultural outlook of Marx and Engels.Third, the cultural view of Marx and Engels has been established the premise of social history. The form of the productive forces and relations from the dialectical movement triggered by the great social changes triggered by the individual in real life and social life rather than actually taking place of ideas, consciously or unconsciously, conflict and fission, the British classical political economy, France Restoration era history, the British and French utopian socialism, as well as a critical rationalist tradition of Western theories of resources, social and political practice and theory of Marx and Engels in-depth critical activities, such as making cultural outlook of Marx and Engels to produce a historically inevitable.The second chapter, the development history on the cultural view of Marx and Engels. Marx and Engels went through a rational believer in historical determinism to a new cultural outlook of the pioneers of the transformation process, and cultural outlook of Marx and Engels has also experienced a birth, formation, development and improvement process.First, the period from the Dissertation to Critique of Hegel's Law Philosophy is an important development period of the cultural thought of Marx."Doctoral dissertation"had inherited the ancient Greek rationalism tradition of the culture. The cultural view that it reflected is on the basic stance of Hegel and has Young Hegelians distinctive color theory of self-consciousness of cultural identity of the rationalist view. However, the "Rhine Newspapers" period, Marx encountered a "material interest" difficult and had shaken the concept of the history of the logic of rational belief in determinism. In the "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law", the Marx believed that not the state to produce the concept of civil society, but civil society itself into a country. This marks a materialist understanding of the direction of cultural theory has been opened out.Second, from the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" to "Communist Manifesto" period, Marx had realized the cultural historical view discarded, thus establishing the foundation of historical materialism cultural view of Marx and Engels. In the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844", Marx criticized Hegel's cultural history "between subject and predicate relations" upside down, from the person's "free conscious activity" of the essence of the practice, clarify the cultural the emergence and development is a social practice process, laying the cornerstone of the theory of historical materialism cultural outlook. In the "German Ideology", Marx and Engels not only liquidated their own cultural thinking of the early period and the cultural view of history in the past to achieve the most radical rupture; but also thought the "real person" as the first premise of human history and from awareness of the origin and development of point of view demonstrated the dependence on social life, established the basic interpretation of the principle of cultural materialism. "German Ideology" marked the official formation of cultural view of Marx and Engels. "Communist Manifesto" not only demonstrates the general principles of historical materialism, but also made a scientific prediction on the cultural development of the basic trends, which is the cultural outlook of Marx and Engels important document.Third, Marx and Engels explored further enriching and developing their cultural perspectives in his later years. The "Kapital" not only clarify the economic structure, political structure and cultural fabric of relationships and the relationship between the various production in the social organism, but also through the "capitalist mode of production, as well as compatible with its relations of production and exchange relations "of the in-depth analysis, scientific demonstrated the theoretical basis on cultural outlook of Marx and Engels. Anthropology notes not only clarify the diversity of human cultural development, and diverse cultural development of the internal consistency, but also the social fabric of the social system is not yet differentiated prehistoric cultural development of the human condition at a higher level have a new understanding and new expositions to enrich and improve the cultural outlook of Marx and Engels. Engels in his later years in the historical materialism communications stressed the need to understand the sense in the final analysis the decisive role of economic factors in social development process, the economic, political, and cultural elements of interaction, and how people make history in his discussion of the process, proposed the "will of the force" ideology and further confirmation of cultural factors in the socio-historical process in an important position.The third chapter, the basic contents of the cultural view of Marx and Engels. From different levels of social structure, Marx and Engels created a rigorous theoretical system of historical materialism of culture.First, the theoretical foundation and the principles of interpretation on the cultural view of Marx and Engels. From a realistic man and their work, Marx and Engels clarified the cultural inner basis, confirmed people's concept of culture is the spirit of expression of human social life, thereby establishing a "people's social being determines their sense" of cultural materialism of the theoretical basis. Based on this theory, Marx and Engels established the ultimate interpretation principles and the procedural interpretation principles. They identified spiritual culture as "the concept of the superstructure", defined the cultural development ultimately constrained by the economic infrastructure development. "The production and reproduction of real life" is always the decisive factor in the process of cultural development, the ultimate nature of principles of interpretation. At the same time, they made the process of development of culture of the process of dialectical explanation. In their view, the spiritual culture is not negatively affected by economic factors, but has its own internal logic, and plays an active role in the economic factors and even to change it within certain limits, in the process of social development and play a significant role.Second, under the domain of the social integrity of the spirit of cultural production. Social holistic thinking is an important part of historical materialism, social integrity throughout has always been the methodology of historical materialism. Marx and Engels clarified the meaning of the spiritual culture production, set out the laws of the spiritual culture production development, elucidated the status and role of the spiritual culture production in social development, and foresee the spiritual and cultural globalization of production, thus scientifically explained the spiritual culture production ideas.Third, the ideology and historical legitimacy of the culture. Marx and Engels argued that since entering the era of civilization, the ruling class always try to turn the spiritual culture to a tool for this class, made the spiritual culture to "class to maintain consciousness" and "the concept of superstructure" of the face revealed. This is the ideology of the culture. They did not stop at a simple denial and believed that any kind of an ideological nature of the spiritual culture in a certain stage of development of human society and there is a certain historical inevitability. In a certain historical period, on promoting the development of human society, it plays an important role, which is the historical legitimacy. Historical legitimacy of the ideology of Marx and Engels together constitute the social conditions of class society a comprehensive understanding of the spiritual and cultural phenomenon.Fourth, scientific culture - the revolutionary forces on the highest sense. Marx and Engels, in the rapid development of science and technology historical conditions, quickly discovered the science culture in social development a major role. They positioned the nature of the role of science culture in a spirit of productive forces and the revolutionary forces, set out as a kind of spirit applied to the material productive forces and production, and the tremendous role of social change, and application of science culture of capitalism launched a relentless criticism, indicated that only overthrow of slavery's capitalist system, science culture most effectively fulfill its enormous value.Chapter IV, the social value on the cultural view of Marx and Engels. On the part of historical value, the cultural view of Marx and Engels profoundly affected construction and cultural development of socialist countries. Whether Lenin's cultural theory or Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping etc the Chinese Communists creatively put forward the new democratic culture and spiritual civilization, advanced culture, a harmonious culture, and so on Chinese Marxist cultural theory, were able to be explored the evidence in the cultural view of Marx and Engels. Their basic spirit and substance have inherent consistency. Although the internal point of view of Western Marxism vary. However, one consistent thread is that: The basis of Marxist theory, and strove to overcome the cultural field to find the breakthrough point of capitalism in order to achieve true liberation of mankind. Western Marxist cultural theory and cultural outlook of Marx and Engels there is a marked relationship of inheritance.Value on the reality, the culture of globalization and cultural transformation of the reality of the situation highlights the cultural perspective of Marx and Engels the context of reality. In general, the rich ideological resources ensure that the cultural theory of Marx and Engels has been theoretical treasure trove of our contemporary cultural studies and culture construction under the contemporary situation. The cultural view of Marx and Engels which is within the historical materialism provide a reasonable way of thinking in order to study cultural Issues. Critical function of society of the cultural theory of Marx and Engels plays an important role to modern market for the healthy development. A lot of thought of it have powerful theoretical advantages in contemporary culture interacting. Therefore, we study contemporary cultural theory and cultural development must not leave the practice on the basis of the cultural view of Marx and Engels.