Mongolian Modern Enlightenment Literature - (1902-1947)

In the first half of the 20th century, the rise of Mongolians in the enlightening thought corresponds to the social thought at that time. Mongolian literature also reflects the remarkable features of the enlightening, the enlightening literature has been booming. This article advocates 1902-1947 is the major phase of the development of Mongolian enlightening literature.The reality of backwardness in the Mongolian region and the enhanced sense of national crisis has become the internal cause of Mongolians'great attention to culture and modern civilization formulated under the influence of western civilization has become the external cause of enlightening thought. These factors stimulated the enlightening men to the consciousness of saving the nation with culture, so that to create a lot of enlightening literature.The combination of literary works and education, associations, newspapers, book publishing and other cultural activities has become the most effective way of enlightening. These cultural activities interact with the literary creation for the common purpose of enlightening. Cultural activities deeply affected the growth of literati and the production, dissemination, appreciation of literary works, making the literary works so branded on the consciousness of a deep imprint on the enlightenment in theme, content, ideology, genre. That was why the majority of Mongolian literature have become an expression of enlightening.Pathfinder, namely literati, comply with the modernity of culture and modern civilization while implementing the claims of revitalizing nation with culture. Thus, Mongolian writers enhanced their consciousness on modernization, especially the modernity of Mongolian literature is reflected in content, ideas, genres, aesthetic changes, language popularity and many other aspects. However, there are also some immature elements. That literary works emphasized on the modernity of culture stems from the thought of enlightening the masses with modern civilization.The basic themes of enlightening literature includes the revitalization of nation, criticism on reality, developing modern culture, advocating improvement in the understanding. This lasted for almost half a century, making Mongolian literature enter a new period of modern literature. The noble ideals of enlightening Mongolian public were embodied in the Mongolian literature at that time.In short, in the first half of the 20th century, the mainstream of Mongolian literature is enlightening literature.