Cn Coordinate Conjunctions In Modern Chinese Dynasty

This article took the modern Chinese also it can be said the time which from the late Tang and Five Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties (the middle Qing Dynasty) as the research time interval.It also took the conjunction and this kind of grammar word as the research object, taking the coordinate conjunction which including the coordinate,the contract,the progressive,the alternative as the research breakthrough.The concentric discussion which was from the diachronic point was based on systematic description, emphatically including the origin, the development, the evolution and the inner factor of the conjunction.Modern Chinese is the important intermediate period in Chinese history,it has inherited the ancient Chinese and the modern Chinese.This period already reflected the procedure which involving the forming and developing of the conjunction in the ancient Chinese, declaring the result of "superior win and the inferior wash out", also it has covered basically the general aspect and the fundamental type of the conjunction in the modern Chinese, the above might enable us to have the dynamic and integrity understanding to the coordinate conjunction system's in the Chinese. The coordinate conjunction is the most basic and the most important type in Chinese conjunction system,it respected as a whole to the coordination, the contract, the progressive, the alternative as the overall contemplation, not only it may form to a concentrates view to each kind of conjunction,but also it can form to a major recognize to the research perspectives and methods of the other kind of conjunction. Therefore, this article was mainly divided four chapters to carry on careful combing and analyzing to the above four kind in the contemporary ChineseThe chapter"the coordinate conjunction" took the 5 which came from the main date as the research object. The main date involved:, ,,, (the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty volume),< Notes and comments on Jin Ping Mei>,,.Also the chapter classified the coordinate conjunction into four kind:single morpheme, compound expression, agglutination type and frame type, respecting the etymology and utility of each kind, thus having drawn a conclusion from the origin and the development of the system. The contemporary Chinese could be divided into two forms:the one was from the outside domain, the other was from the inside.And the former was the main etymology Along with the development of cognitive ability and verbal skill of the human.The transformation of the language structure which was from coordination to contraction was the basic reason for the occurrence of coordinate conjunction which was marked as coordinate structure.This transformation was happed easier under non-flag state. The manifesting between the symmetry and a unity characteristic of more than two connecting object was the intrinsic factor of the coordinate conjunction. The coordinate conjunction which was the formal mark of the coordinate structure.It mainly be produced under the condition of "weak". The essential condition for becoming the coordinate conjunction was"weakening the disturbance time sequence"and "manifesting the relation between symmetry and unity character".The reason why the coordinate conjunction which came from the outside domain was chosen by the grammar system was that it satisfying the above condition.And its semantics and function was superior more than others. It included:The coordinate conjunction which stem from adjoint preposition and separating word these single morpheme.The coordinate conjunction which stemming from reappearance ingredient.The coordinate conjunction which stemming from the inside domain.The latter was result of the adaption to the contemporary Chinese,the manifestation of double sound tendency. Secondly, the coordinate conjunction of single morpheme occupied main position in the system of the contemporary Chinese's conjunction,and it undertaken the connection of the sentence. The centralized appearing and matureness of the frame type coordinate conjunction has filled the flaw of the sentence border coordinate conjunction.The necessity and possibility in development of the double syllable coordinate conjunction was always not high, having a weak effect.The chapter"the contract conjunction" took the contract conjunction which came from the main date as the research object. It could be divided into single morpheme and two-syllable from the form. The latter included:compound type, additional type and adhesive type.This chapter respected the etymology and utility of each kind, thus having drawn a conclusion from the origin and the development of the system.The essence of contract structure could can recognized as "the diachronic compound", that was to say that it was a new type multiplying from the interior as the obvious influence of time factor.This kind of essence has decided the two origin of the contract conjunction:one was from some single morpheme coordinate conjunction,the other was from the way for expressing the concept of time,for example:the time-word, the time preposition pronoun that claiming the timely ingredient,the verb concealing the concept which could expressing the time,and the related ingredients which having the function to expressing the time gradually because of linguistic environment contamination,also some agglutination form taking the above as the center.Speaking of the adjustment and the development of the system,the single morpheme contract conjunction was withered,the double sound contract conjunction occupies the leadership in modern Chinese contract conjunction system.The division of labor between the above in grammatical function was obvious.The former mainly be used in the sentence connecting, not in the sentence border (between clause or sentence).The latter generally be used in the sentence border.The chapter"the progressive conjunction" took the progressive conjunction which came from the main date as the research object. It could be formally divided into single morpheme,compound type and agglutinative type.This chapter respected the etymology and utility of each kind,thus having drawn a conclusion from the origin and the development of the system.The progressive conjunction could also involved two form: inner and outer.The progressive conjunction was a kind of new relational category which growing in the foundation of coordination,also was a further ordering in the category of quantitative.The essence of the progressive relations was a"longitudinal coordinate", that was to say the fluctuation or the implication of quantitative.Its basic structure was the tendency which taking the antecedent as the basic point,the consequent presented the longitudinal fluctuation or containing.The progressive conjunction was the formal mark which indicating and highlighting the tendency of changing between the two parts. The front and rear parts of the coordinate conjunction held the leadership in the syntax and absorbed the inborn meaning gradually, thus changed at last. The result of the above produce was the production of the progressive conjunction The single morpheme progressive conjunction combined and compound together basing on the above changing. It was the predominant type which stemmed from the outside domain of conjunction in the Chinese.The way to performance the progressive category was that:one was from meaning of progressive in sentence border to the national word which having the appropriate position and its semantics was subjunctive, the second was from the using of negative which elaborating the flowing explaining.The reason for the above was the negative could not express the general aspect by the quantity, the scope and the degree. The third was the changing of the verb which expressing the things, events, behavior from more to less, big to small, shallow to deep on the quantity,the scope,the degree.The tendency of the dual-tone had a profound influence on the system of the progressive conjunction. Also the polymerization and the nature of exclusive was obvious. The monosyllable note was instead of dual-tone which was born by synonymy compounding,phrasec ondensing, words agglutinating,no longer the progressive conjunction system's main body.The progressive conjunction of agglutinating became the most in quantity, the most complete in using in the system of progressive conjunction. The dual-tone "Budan" which was born by the crossing-level agglutination of the privative and limited adverb and the"Bushuo"which was agglutination of the privative and speaking verb.The above performed greatgenerativeness analogy,forming a synonymous polymerization group by the similar alternative of the two constitution morphemes.The chapter"the alternative conjunction"took the alternative conjunction which came from the main date as the research object. The alternative conjunction was divided into two kinds:undefined choice and defined choice.The former involved facultative and restrictive option, and the latter involving the type of accepting before rejecting and the type of rejecting before accepting.This chapter respected the etymology and utility of each kind, thus having drawn a conclusion from the origin and the development of the system.The alternative was belonged to one kind of coordination in the possible situation, and each item coexistent equally.But they could not coexistent in reality, only one could be chosen.The essential of the alternative was "precipitating from parallel" The alternative conjunction always born by construction grammaticalization in the neat form of coordination, it was always the main body in alternative conjunction system, accumulating the first choice in the contemporary Chinese.In the development of the Chinese history,the period of the contemporary Chinese greatly refracted certain rules of the forming, the development, the evolution about the alternative conjunction system in the contemporary Chinese.The period above had a nature of linking the preceding with the following, leading the basic position in the contemporary Chinese. Meanwhile it may also obtained certain enlightenment in the research technique:Firstly,the paper sought the source from the research of the coordination conjunction.The conjunction and this kind of grammar word may regarded as the formal mark between the two parts which were connected before and after. The development of the conjunction system was one of the form of expression which coming from the non-marking to marking about the Chinese communication. The function of formal mark was to demonstrate and strengthen the information which transmitting under the non-marking condition.Therefore,it was to say that the analyzing for the essence of non-marking construction was the maintaining of this conjunction marking. The true recognize for the function of the conjunction in the analyze of non-marking construction would enlighten the form process of all kings of etymology. Because each kind of conjunction would get together and took to realizing the foundation of the conjunction as the direction by grammaticalization process.Next, the paper sought the grammaticalization from the research of the coordination conjunction.The coordinative conjunction was the most important and basic in the Chinese,largely refracting the basic rules of conjunction system not only in etymology but in the way of processing. At the end of the grammaticalization chain, the conjunction could became grammaticalization by notional word, function word, phrase and minor sentence.Thus, the conjunction could be formatted by the notional word functioning, the function word transforming, the synonymy compounding, the glossary agglutinating, the phrase condensing and the suffix adding.Lastly, the paper sought the characteristics from the research of the coordination conjunction. The modern Chinese conjunction system had both the accumulation and the gradation,stabilizing relatively and developing unceasingly,having both the polymerization and exclusive nature. There were coexisting of the polymerization of the vocabulary and conformity of the system.Another bright characteristic of the conjunction development was colloquialness and dual-tone,which was the expression of the overall development trend about the unity of classic and modern and the dual-tone in the conjunction system of this period.