The Ideology And Politics In Former Han

From the ideology, politics, and the interaction between of them, we investigate Former Han Dynasty, so that we have made to this era as depicted:Early Han Dynasty, the political model to rule the empire was not overnight using Huang-Lao policy. Liu Bang Group's hometown was in the Taoist cultural circle, and there was an rich regional culture so that it had a natural friendliness to Taoism. Additional, since Taoism has a full role in the ideological realm, Liu Bang Group naturally chosed the Taoism in the process of seizing the country, and this inertia of advocating Taoism extended to a unified state, and acted on the politics of early Han Dynasty. The "alliance" between Taoism and Liu Bang Group, with one hand which made Liu Bang Group using Taoism have the whole country and rule the country, on the other hand due to Liu Bang Group's esteem Taoism also became the official guiding ideology, two sides can be considered as mutually beneficial. At the same time, Confucianism also played secondary role in early Han dynasty politics.In emperor Wen and Jing period, as the monarch's personal experience prompted his own formation of pristine and few desires personality, he was more receptive to the Taoism. Moreover, as Zhou Bo, Chen Ping, Shen Tujia and some other old ministers supporting the former generation policy, and the environment was not abundant in the early years of Wen emperor, enabling the nation to continue to implement the policy of inaction, and obtained the effect of people harmony. At the same time, Confucianism and Legalism were also actively seeking a political position, and then two sides inevitably collided with the Taoist. After the relatively moderate relationship in the early Han Dynasty was broken, the battle between Confucianism and Taoism began, a example was Jia Yi was demoted. The struggle between Taoism and Legalism began since emperor Wen once supported Chao Cuo, and rebellion of the seven kingdoms made emperor Jing return to inaction.In emperor Wu period, relatively "doing with utilitarian" Confucianism just met the aggressive demands of emperor Wu, and then the combination of two sides was close-knit. The character of emperor Wu's policy is not "Confucianism is the surface and the Legalism is essential", it should be dynamically divided into four stages, and the character of each stage is different. As a symbol on the death of empress dowager Dou, the ideological position was changed from the previous dominance of Taoism into the subsequent Confucianism dominance. However, the complexly political environment also prompted to Confucian personality dissimilation, a larger opposition between "gentleman Confucians" and "villain Confucians" appeared.In the period from emperor Zhao to emperor Xuan, facing to the residual situation of emperor Wu, the policy choice became the most prior thing. Meeting on the policy of salt and iron for the rulers provided two policy models, which were "inaction" and "doing with utility". With the subrogation of power, the transformation from "implementing policy of Emperor Wen" by Huo Guang to "implementing policy of Emperor Wu" was also completed. Emperor Wu was respected by Emperor Xuan, which was also continued to his successors, the policy of "doing with utility" eventually led to the decay of Former Han. Accordingly, we believe that the flourish of Zhao-Xuan was only a light of sunset, or was a "cardiac", relative to its subsequent politics of Former Han. The political environment only dominated by Confucianism made it lose the external competitors. Talking out calamity was popular, which suggested that the development of Confucianism had been encountered a "bottleneck"At the end of Former Han, the relatives of empress dowager Wang controlled power. Wang Mang had occupied a high position, and he simulated his ancestor named Tian Chang to steal the power of Han Dynasty under the name of humaneness and righteousness. The action of Wang Mang had demonstrated the theories of "a man who stole the country power is a vassal" and "a vassal usually holds the banner of humaneness and righteousness", had proved once again that strongly advocating humaneness and righteousness would bring many defects. But faced to reality, we have to promote humaneness and righteousness. In order to get out of this dilemma, we could only strive to study the motive of implementing humaneness and righteousness, and to prevent the "humaneness and righteousness" degenerated into a tool of conspirators'hands.In the dissertation, I have proposed some new personal opinions, which are visible in the conclusions, and I will invite experts for criticism and correction.