The New Rural And Moral Construction Research

New socialist countryside construction has represented the tenet of Scientific Outlook on Development and is also the prerequisite for realizing socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics and building a harmonious society. New socialist countryside construction is not limited in the development of material civilization and political civilization, but also includes advances in spiritual civilization in rural area. Therefore, strengthening ideological and moral culture construction in rural area is an important aspect of new socialist countryside construction. Hence, it's an important topic for theory studies and practices amid current new countryside construction, for researchers on ideological and political theory to timely concern and analyze moral construction in the countryside, to deeply tap into moral requirements inherent in new socialist countryside, and to explore process of moral construction in rural area.Rural moral civilization is the main feature of new socialist countryside construction. Social appeals for moral civilization construction is inherent in new socialist countryside construction, characterized by "developing production, improving living standards, fostering more civil behavior, improving the overall cleanliness of villages, and exercising democratic management ". Along with boost of new countryside construction, advances and changes in rural economics, politics and culture will deeply affect trends of rural moral construction and processes of farmers'moral socialization. Hence, against the new historical background, conscious moral construction is needed to analyze new phenomena and elements, summarize new experiences and contents, and explore new mechanisms and approaches for rural moral construction.Against the macro-history backdrop of rural social changes that basically includes agricultural production modernization, rural urbanization and farmers urbanization, the paper attempts to discover changes in farmers'moral concepts and moral construction ways, necessarily caused by changes in rural social-economic relations. On its basis, the paper focuses on three key problems of entities, contents and channels of new countryside moral construction, by closely combining with features of new countryside of the time, in order to construct new countryside moral construction models of high theory and practical operability.The paper is organized as follows:Chapter I mainly completes three tasks:firstly, it will review the revolution of moral construction in rural area in China from the perspective of inheritance and change, in order to explain the epochal features shown in changes and also effects of existing construction experiences on new countryside moral construction development. Secondly, it will objectively analyze farmers'moral dynamics, and identify the marked features, such as frequent variability of moral identity, deviation of moral cognition and behavior, and vagueness of moral standards. Thirdly, it will deepen the analysis of key issues amid current new countryside moral construction, such as scattered moral construction subjects, form-focused and inefficient moral education, and insufficient pass-down of excellent moral culture.Chapter II analyzes the obligations for subjects of new countryside moral construction. It aims to solve the question of "who construct and for whom construct", and respectively discusses obligations of governments, social organizations in rural area and new-type farmers amid moral construction, based on analysis of subject characteristics of new countryside moral construction. Government is the leading subject of new countryside moral construction, which is shown in leading new countryside moral construction, providing institutions and finance, and administrators being examples. Social organizations in rural area act as the subsidiary subject of new countryside moral construction, in terms of moral cohesion, moral principles and moral adjustments. And new-type farmers are practice subject of new countryside moral construction, undertaking the moral performance obligations of advancing moral cognition level, participating positive moral evaluations and performing good moral behaviors.Chapter III aims to solve the question of "construction contents and standards", and to deeply explore and define the necessarily-contained ethical and moral requirements by five key features of new countryside construction: cooperative and aggressive ethics, moderate and controlled ethics, ecologic and environment-protective ethics, unsophisticated and charitable ethics, and just and equal ethics. Moreover, it also combines features of farmers and rural production & life to construct ethical connotations of above-mentioned five types of ethics, to build up new countryside moral construction contents and systems, which fit in with social structure & operation models of new countryside and also connect with traditional basic moral ideas.Chapter IV discusses system supports for new countryside moral construction. As the rigid standards condensed from certain value ideas and thoughts, systems can deliver basic moral requirements for social development. Meanwhile, systems can also offset softness of the moral power characterized by self-discipline and advices, since they have advantages and features of having clear-cut systems and standards, coercive implementation, and formulized procedures. Hence, the paper discusses system supports from the following levels:Firstly, it is needed to perfect relevant laws for new countryside moraloconstruction by improving relevant laws and regulations with ecological civilization and environmental protection, and by enhancing civilized behavior rules for public domain of the countryside, in order to encourage farmers to cultivate good moral behavior habits by way of laws enforcement. Secondly, it is needed to improve security systems for new countryside moral development by perfecting social security systems and villagers' self-government system related to farmers'immediate interests, which will lay a just social basis for encouraging farmers'moral behavior. Thirdly, it is needed to establish types of administrative systems for new countryside moral development. Since farmers'good moral fiber is related to their social surroundings. Hence, it will put forward establishing scientific planning system for town development, comprehensive environment treatment system for the countryside, check-and-balance system for villages'financial administration, multi-layer dispute treatment system and systematic cadres administration system, from the perspective of building social surroundings to protect ethics. Fourthly, it is needed to build featured systems for new countryside moral construction. Based on respect for features of the countryside and farmers, it will propose building local mechanism for moral standards to provide specific moral behavior rules for villagers, launch moral criticism mechanism to bring strong influence of rural moral opinion into play, improve spot-surface mechanism of rules and constraints to be an important interior restraint for the countryside, and establish a behavior promotion mechanism of interests-led moral development to drive farmers'moral practices.Chapter V insists to take education as the consistent channel of new countryside moral construction. Firstly, to integrate multiple moral education models of inter-generation interactions, example demonstration and activity participation in the countryside, combined with farmers'characteristics. Secondly, to play the advantages of media in moral education, that is, to demonstrate moral connotations of rural public media and to strengthen its roles of moral guidance and penetrability, by two education means of tapping its radiation functions advantages with the help of traditional village media and importing novel spreading carriers to highlight its timely opinion advantages. Thirdly, to inspire moral vigor of public culture in villages and towns, define its moral valuation forces and boost its moral influence, by using moral education function of public culture in villages and towns, advancing headline moral culture activities of villages and towns, exploring ethical functions of folk festivals and leading farmers'healthy moral cultural life.