Study Of Intellectuals In China's Modernization Process

The issue of intellectuals is a special and complex problem in the course of China's modernization. Studying the problem seriously is not only the objective need for solving it properly, but also of momentous current significance to promoting China's modernization.The thesis includes the preface and five chapters. The main points of the paper are as follows:The preface expounds the definition of intellectual, the research purposes and significance of the topic, the current research situations of domestic academic circles and the writing difficulties.Chapter One discusses the problem of intellectuals during the period of democratic revolution. Firstly, the author summarizes the different attempts to save the nation from subjugation and ensure its survival, which were made by the advanced intellectuals of the landlord class, the peasantry and national bourgeoisie, analyzes intellectuals' special features and the enlightenment gained from the problem of intellectuals during the old-democratic revolution. Secondly, the author fully reviews the developing course and main contents of the theory and policy toward intellectuals of the Chinese Communist Party, expounds intellectuals' special features and the main developing ways they underwent during the new-democratic revolution. Chapter Two discusses the problem of intellectuals between the founding of New China and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Firstly, the author fully reviews the developing course and main contents of the theory and policy toward intellectuals of the Chinese Communist Party, narrates intellectuals' precious contributions to developing socialist economy, politics and culture during the period. Secondly, the author sums up the basic experiences and lessons of the problem of intellectuals during the period:(a)We should judge intellectuals' class attributes from their economic status.(b)We should regard intellectuals as laborers of socialist society.(c)We should implement the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend in developing science and culture.(d)We should depend more and more on knowledge, science and technology in the course of developing socialism. Chapter Three discusses the theory and policy toward intellectuals after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.Firstly, the author formulates the formation of the theory and policy toward intellectuals put forward by Deng Xiaoping since China adopted the policy of reform and opening up. The ideological basis of the theory and policy toward intellectuals is the scientific judgment that intellectuals are part of the working class. Their key link is respecting knowledge and talent. Their main contents are having fully political trust in intellectuals, employing them without hesitation and taking care of everything for them. Secondly, the author expounds the new contributions of the Party Central Committee with Jiang Zemin at the core to the development of the theory and policy toward intellectuals in the new period. The contributions include the following five aspects.(a)Enriching the idea that intellectuals are part of the working class and putting forward the important thought of Three Represents.(b)Enriching the idea that science and technology are the primary productive forces and putting forward the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education.(c)Deepening our understanding of philosophy and other social sciences.(d)Comprehensively expounding the status and function of the intellectuals in the socialist modernization.(e)Formulating the new principle of training professionals of all kinds, providing them with incentives and giving full play to their capabilities.(f)Pointing out the new problems which exist in the stratum of intellectuals and taking appropriate measures. Chapter Four discusses the changes which have arisen in the stratum of intellectuals since China adopted the policy...