| China entered a special historical period since the reform at the end of 1970s. It is in this period that China will be realizing the transform of her social and economic structure, so transform is used to describe this very period, during which the traditional mode of thinking, trend of value and mode of behavior are facing a blast. With competition and polarization effect, the small and weak have been repelled seriously; the reform of social welfare system will also decrease the guarantee to the small and weak. Under such situation, to take care of the poor, and solve the poverty problem have become not only a government's important responsibility, but also the common plea of the scholars, as well as the common quest all over the world. The main idea of this dissertation is to clarify the theories of poverty and anti-poverty, to research in the depth of the poverty issue on the base of China reality, so as to construct China's anti-poverty theory and to pursue the practical mode of anti-poverty in cities and villages.This dissertation is divided into six sections.The first section: (Introduction.) By analyzing the background of this topic, to state its practical meaning to China's anti-poverty during her transform period, as well as its international meaning.Anti-poverty is a common task all over the world. Before the mid of 1990s, microscopically China's poverty problem refers to the poverty in village, which is a long and complex issue because of the factors of the nature and history. While since the mid and the end of the 1990s the poverty problem in cities and towns is becoming obvious with the increase of laid-off and unemployment. It is out of expectation since the increase speed is so fast, broad and deep. Therefore, the reason to choose this topic is also to research poverty problem on a practical base.The second section: (the second chapter.) By analyzing the concepts of poverty from many sides, to focus on the development of anti-povertytheory all over the world so as to make sure the leading role of the Marxism Political and Economic theory in China's anti-poverty process. By summarizing the characters and defects of the anti-poverty theories all over the world, to propose the following issues so as to reconstruct China's anti-poverty theory: to enforce the basic research on anti-poverty theory; to research the poverty theory in cities and towns during the transform; to construct China's anti-poverty theory on the principles of broad and various views.The third section: (the third chapter) On the important base of poverty measurement, which is a complex but meaningful task, to construct anti-poverty policies in China. This chapter focuses on the international commonly used poverty measurement standard to analyze its features as well as to research China's poverty-line standard and to proposes the suggestions of improving China's poverty measurement methods during the transform. 1) to build a standard system, reflecting its times features, which also parallels with the international standard and can be compared with the well-to-do living standard; 2) to unify the basic statistics standard; to measure Gini coefficient based on the level citizens can afford, and to measure the consume conditions on the base of the prices citizens can consume; 3) to complete the construction of the lowest living guarantee system 4) to combine China's basic measurement with international standard.The fourth section: (the fourth chapter and fifth chapters) To investigate China's poverty situation on microscopic and microcosmic views and to analysis the distribution features and scope of poverty in villages and cities. Combined with the general factors of poverty formation, to positively analyze the reasons of nature and history, population, biological system and the limitation from its dual structures. To research the formation reasons of city poverty from the following aspects, including unbalance of labor forces, the landslip of national enterprises benefits,defects of present social...
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