A Comparative Study Of The Parliamnetary Electoral Systems Of The United Kingdom, France And Germany

The parliamentary system established recently in Western countries is the core of Western political system.Modern democracy is representative democracy. Representative institutions are made up of the representatives elected by the citizens. It depends on a perfect electoral system whether the behavior of the representative institutions is in keeping with the aspiration of the people. The aspiration of the people can only be reflected through a perfect electoral system. Democracy can be realized only when a representative institution in keeping with the aspiration of the people is elected. Modern democracy has become the label of various countries to show the degree of their ciilization and progress, and the electoral system is the guarantee of democracy.The electoral system, the systematization of the electoral procedures, refers to a unity composed of a series of laws and regulations related to electoral principles, procedures, and methods.Election became gradually a system and an important approach of institutional government only after capitalist governments were established although its origin can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. The electoral system has been getting better and approaching perfection day by day and become a political system indispensable to modern democracy through several centuries of development, accumulation, development of what is useful and abandonment of what is not. The purpose of the electoral system in capitalist countries is to maintain and strengthen the rule of the capitalist, but no one can deny that this system is one of the achievements in world civilization.This dissertation, starting from the electoral theory and based on the summary of the history of electoral theories of parliamentary election in Western countries, inquires mainly into the practice and development of the parliamentary electoral theories of the United Kingdom, France and Germany. Based on the political systems of these three countries, this dissertation analyzes the frame, process, and supervision of parliamentary election and the mutual influence and interrelations between the parliamentary electoral system and party politics. It also analyzes the electoral systems of these three countries from different viewpoints and aspects in order to interpret their electoral systems of these three countries thoroughly and draw inspirations and lessons from them.Chapter 1 Introduction. In this chapter the author clarifies the origin of the meaning of election and electoral systems, expounds the evolution and status quo the electoral system and the function and special political meaning of the election and electoral systems.Chapter 2 Parliamentary Electoral Theories. Starting from the democratic theories of the scholars of the Enlightenment, the author depicts in detail the procedure of the formation of Western parliamentary electoral theories and explains that, propelled by the theory of representative government and evolutionary practice of capitalist class, the various principles of the Western parliamentary election has become the core of parliamentary electoral theories.Chapter 3 Sketches of the British, French and German System of Government. These threecountries used to uphold that "Parliament is the highest," but their systems of government are not the same. Complete mastery of the differences between them will help us understand in depth the parliamentary election of these three countries.Chapter 4 Patterns of Parliamentary Election. Comparatively perfect parliamentary organizations and rules of procedure came into being in the United Kingdom, France and Germany during their hundreds of years' operation. The patterns of each of the countries have their own characteristics.Chapter 5 Procedures of Parliamentary Election. In this chapter the author analyzes and compares the electoral procedures and methods of the three countries.The author makes a detailed analysis of the voters, candidates, the determination of electoral districts, raising of fund, vote counting and aff...