On Marx Practical Reason

Reason is a permanent important concept in western philosophy history, even can say, the development of the rational idea, is the epitome of western philosophy development.The further study of Marx's philosophy reason view, is not only an essential work to perfecting Marx philosophy research, and the basic work to understand the innovation of Marx's philosophy in the philosophy history further.Reason and rational spirit have already permeated in the blood of the human civilization deeply, even are very important composition in the blood of civilization, have exerted a far-reaching and extensive influence on the life of human beings。Therefore, to understand the historical development of the rational concept deeply and to hold the essence of the rational concept correctly on this basis, and to form scientific reason view, have not only great theory meaning but also the realistic meaning with importance.This text thinks, in the history of philosophy, there were three main types of reason view successively.The first one is ancient ontology reason view, such reason view regards reason (logos) as world "Inherent one is original", principle and rule that all things are produced. And reason contains two points mainly: real and good.The second one is modern epistemology reason view, Such reason view is inclined to regarding reason as the essence strength of the subject, the essence strength lies in that subject can seek the essence of the thing with it, obtain knowledge about the essence of things that is generally effective, confirm and inevitable - scientific truth.The third one is Germany's classical philosophy reason view From Kant to Hegel, the "absolute reason" was formed gradually, which is the modern revival of ancient ontology reason viewAnd the key to obtaining the scientific truth is to grasp a set of scientific method, which is generally effective, confirming and inevitable. So, according to such reason view, the substance of reason is the ability of grasping and utilizing correctly scientific method.But no matter the ancient ontology reason view, or modern epistemology reason view, because of lack scientific practice view and scientific subject view, historical view, social, all they have fallen into the absurd that produced by themselves, all they could not walk out of it.The main matter of the ancient ontology reason view is that it has caused rational world (the world was derived by rationally thinking with logic language) and actual life world sharply oppose. The main matter of the modern epistemology reason view is that it has turned the living subject of reality into a mechanical operator of the scientific method abstractly, made science cognitive reason annex value reason field, form " abstract reason of abstract subject" finally.The last one is practice reason view of Marx's philosophy. Marx's philosophy thinks, to understand reason correctly, should regard reason as practice reason of practicing subject, Particularly, the reason should be regard as the ability of the subject who are in social practicing, to know the nature and society scientifically, hold the essence of natural things and social things, to deal with and solve the relation between people and nature, person and society, the contacts relation between person and others properly on this basis, or in brief, it is the ability of social subject to make own social practice effective.The innovation of practice reason view of Marx's philosophy lies in mainly the following aspects:First, it has solved the problem how to understand practice correctly; In early works, such as " ideology of Deutsche ", etc, Marx regards practice as people's perceptual activity, propose " all social living are practice in essence ", emphasize that practice is existing way of social subject, among them material production practice is undoubtedly the most basic.Second, on the basis of defining practice as existing way of man, Marx has correctly answered why reason be possible, this is self-introspection of reason, reason is knowledge and ability to make practice effectiv...