Dismantle·Construct·Loss Of Voice

The thesis focuses on the revolutionary Russian intelligentsia, its impact on the historic and social development in Russia-especially on the formation of Stalinist mode-and its inherent connections with the latter. It is composed of the following six parts."Introduction" explains the cause of the subject selection, the author's basic ideas and the research perspectives of the thesis.Chapter One descriptively categorizes the general intelligentsia in the modern society, and reveals its prevalent complex of establishing "voice hegemony". With the emergence of political parties, elites in intelligentsia develop themselves into elites in political parties. This transformation, on the one hand, enables their seizure of "voice hegemony" and political power; and on the other hand, restrains their voice as an independent individual. The extent of this restraint exhibits great varieties in different countries due to the diversity in history, culture and tradition. Moreover, the thesis discusses the particularity of Russian intelligentsia-where they differs from their western colleagues-as well as their root of radical tendency, which was formed in the environment of Russian history and cultural tradition under the Tsar regime's autarchy and serfdom system.Chapter Two elaborates the challenges-the transformations and buildings of the roles, the regime and the society-faced by professional revolutionists or Bolsheviks, which were constituted by Russian revolutionary intelligentsia coming in power. The process and the consequence of this transformation would certainly involve the intelligentsia' cultural and traditional background, and their capability of constructing a new society and making a role change. Two groups of revolutionary characters emerged at the moment. (One represented by Lenin, who had been exiled in western countries; and the other represented by Stalin, who had experienced long-term domestic underground struggle.) The dominant position established by either group in the Russian Communist Party {Bolshevik), would be an indicator of the ultimate choice for the mode of the new socialism culture.Chapter 3 examines the unique path of Russian industrialization mode, which was different from other western ways, as the cultural origin of the formation of Stalinist mode. Without any successful examples in history to use for reference, the Bolsheviks based their theory offuture society building on the design of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, supplemented by their own ideas and imaginations. Through the construction process, their efforts and practice were restrained and perplexed not only by the status of the country in time of war during the first couple of years after the October Revolution, but also by the impact of their own lack of "cultural power", as well as the influences of Russian history and cultural tradition. Therefore, the Bolsheviks' ultimate choice of Stalinist mode came out of few viable options. By carefully delineating the cultural root of the formation of Stalinist mode with regard to the historical, theoretical, and practical environment analysis, the thesis reveals the significant connections between the problems faced by the "intelligentsia hierarchs" in their attempts to erect a new culture, along with the limitations exposed through these attempts, and the Russian history, culture and traditions. Although the disciplinary character of the proletarian's political party theory also played part of the role in this Stalinist mode formation process, the absolutization of the disciplinary character was in fact also a derivative of the culture and tradition. In other words, the revolutionary intelligentsia deeply influenced by the Russian culture and tradition (the Bolshevik Party in power) was the major undertakers or the main body to construct Stalinist mode.Chapter Four elaborates, under the highly centralized Stalinist mode, how most revolutionary intelligentsia transformed themselves from critics and dismantlers of the old order, as well as builders and advocators of the new culture, into victims...