Man And Good Citizen

In modern time that value nihilism prevails, the just and worthy good life and the being of good person become the problems. Accordingly, the politics keeps the value neutrality and being a good person becomes a private thing, the civil qualification becomes the means for individual pursuing his own good life, and the civil education becomes the instrument to keep the citizen pursuing his own good life. However, when citizens refuse inquiring what the good life is, when civil education gives up caring for how to be a good person, citizens and civil education will get into the crisis without direction. To get rid of this crisis, it is necessary to be a good person pursuing the excellence, and this requires us to return the ancient Greek civil education thought which keeps the sameness of citizen and good person, as we know, modernity is the outcome of refusing the virtues of good person and it can't help us overcoming this crisis by itself.From the perspective of political philosophy history, the problem of good person and good citizen comes from the difference between the 'nature' and the 'convention', as well as the generation of the city-state politics. Furthermore, the good person, that is, the philosopher is the man who pursues the whole, eternal and natural being, and the citizen is the man who participates in the government affairs of conventional city-state. When the citizen participates in the government affairs of conventional city-state, he is living by an education life. However, this doesn't mean that the good person is identical with a good citizen, conventionalism, including the sophism, believes that politics is factious and conventional, and politics has no relationship with nature, so, the civil qualification comes from the different laws of different city-state, the civil education is an education of imparting the sophistic skills.Socrates denied the opinion of the conventionalism which thinks the political beings as art being, and thinks the good citizen as a person without the virtue of good person. Under the illumination by Aristophanian, he realized the eternal conflict between philosophy and politics, and he turned from the 'nature' philosophy to the 'politics' philosophy, and he found the natural right in the political beings. Moreover, the turning from philosophy to politics is the civilization of philosophy to politics, and the civilization of philosopher to citizen to be a good person tending to the good. The civil education thought brightly presents in the 'dialectic methods' and the 'F . theory'. However, Socrates didn't deal well with the relationship between the philosophy and politics, the good person and the good citizen, so, he was sentenced to death by Greek citizens.Plato accepted the caution of the eternal conflict between philosophy and politics which was conducted by the death of Socrates, and he tended to the city-state of speech. This city-state presents in the critics of the good person to conventionalism which keeps the desirable politics, and this is an education city-state designed by the good person who acts as a pedagogue. By using the 'noble lies', 'ship figuration', 'sun figuration' and 'cave figuration', Plato revealed the necessity that the good person acts as a pedagogue and the good citizen acts as the good person.However, the Plato's republic ruled by philosopher king was far away from the real politics, and it made the education of teaching a good citizen to be a good person be a 'faraway ideal'. His student Aristotle put forward the proposition of 'the person is a political animal' and 'the person is a rational animal' after inheriting Plato's contemplation is the highest happiness. And he 'amended' the tendency that there was no relation between the philosophy civilization and the reality civilization which was reflected in Plato's civil education thought. Concretely, Aristotle argued the importance and possibility of being a good citizen and a good person from three aspects: contemplation, ethic virtue and practical wisdom. In the Enlightenment, the ancient civil education pursuing nature, keeping the sameness of good person and good citizen was ended by enlightened philosopher, therefore, the civil education turned into the rights education, and the nihilism in education came into being.