Comparison And Research On The Modes Of Autonomy Of Minority Region

The First part of this essay is a comprehensive analysis on the theory of national autonomy. It differs the connotation of nation, race and national group and illustrates the definition of national suffrage, national autonomy and the autonomy of minority region. The author argues that nation is a definition with strong sense of political connotation, which embraces the political presuppose to sovereign state and closely relates with the powerful idea of nationalism. Race is in field of anthropology, which is originally used to explore the differences among the races in their physical feature. But it is a special word because of Nazist utility. National group is relatively a new word, which is flexible and aims to find the culture difference in various groups. The most important access to differ these three words is their relation with politics. Nation relates politics in the closest sense. Race is in the secondary, but this relation is generally believed to have connection with political conspire. National suffrage, national autonomy and the autonomy of minority region are different but closely related. National suffrage is a word mainly in political theory and international law, but it differs internally and externally. National autonomy is a word with less disputes. The autonomy of minority region is with the feature of Chinese socialism and a basic political institution.The second part is a demonstration and summary on the modes of national autonomy in the world. It focuses on the mode of European national autonomy (in case of British Ireland), American national autonomy (in case of Canada) and Asian national autonomy (in case of Singapore). Combined with the Soviet Union's policy on minority, the author summarizes the following six points: 1. national equality and national autonomy cannot be divided, 2. excessive power decentralization is not optional, 3. segmentation in region is not optional, 4. respecting the history and tradition, paying more attention to the local custom, 5. strengthening the guidance of the government, 6. enforcing the identification to national community. The Third Part systematically combs the development of Chinese Autonomy of Minority Region and explains its main contents. The institution of Chinese Autonomy of Minority Region has undergone five periods. The first is exploration, whose feature is the conversion from national suffrage and federalism to federalism and national autonomy. The second period takes the institution of Autonomy of Minority Region and completely gives up the idea about federalism and national autonomy. The third period carries out this institution in whole country, and the Constitution regulates it. But it is still influenced by the radical Left. In the Fourth period, the institution is severely destroyed by the Culture Revolution. The fifth period is restoration and development. The institution of Autonomy of Minority Region is safeguarded by law and enriched in the practice. According to the Constitution and the law the institution of Autonomy of Minority Region follows the leadership of central government and minorities set up autonomous government and carry out their power locally. This institution is an important part in Chinese political system and features socialism with Chinese characteristic. The institution of Autonomy of Minority Region includes the following three meanings. First, this institution is based on the solidary state structure, integrity of sovereignty and territory and the unitive leadership of central government. Second, the minorities' inhabitant supposes the region to be divided. Third, the core of this institution is that the autonomous governments carry out their power, the minorities deal with their problems according with their feature in politics, economy and culture.The forth part based on the achievements of Autonomy of Minority Region tells about the questions and challenges related. The economic and social disparity between the seashore developed area and marginal minority region tends to destroy the stability of minority region. The poor culture life and education and the shortage of talents block the sustainable development of minority region. With the pace of Developing the West there is a problem between economic development and environmental protection. How to protect the environment is the urgent issue to make sustainable development. The changing situation abroad and at home also makes the minority questions sharp and sensitive. This challenges the Autonomy of Minority Region. Although the Law of Autonomy of Minority Region has stipulated, some regulations and corresponding laws still need to be established. Faced with these challenges and problems, governments should make policies as follows to improve the Autonomy of Minority Region. 1. carrying out the autonomous power concretely and protecting minority's dwelling rights. 2. promoting the economic development wholeheartedly and improving the Party's leadership in autonomous region. 3. investing more in education and making a proper way to develop minority's education. 4. building up cadre system which meets the requirements in autonomous region. 5. stipulating and mending more laws to support the Law of Autonomy of Minority Region and setting up a practicable supervision system. 6. enforcing and improving the leadership of the Party and the State on Autonomy of Minority Region.