Study Of Early Chinese Marxism

Under the guidance of instructor, I choose "Early Chinese Marxism" as a doctoral dissertation research topic. Here the meaning of "early" means from the end of the 19th century, the name of Marxist theory emerged in China, to December 1925 Mao Zedong Thought sprouting up. This period of Marxism in China initial stage. Research on this issue, the awareness and understanding of the future of Marxism in China's status and fate is great significance, and help further the study of Chinese-style Marxism theoretical results, better adhere to Marxism to China's modernization construction guidance consciousness. Papers has been completed, and the main content of summarized as follows:Chapter I, in 1870s, Chinese people introducing the Paris Commune, socialism can not be regarded the beginning of Marxism in China, because there is no mention of the name of Marxism and his theory. The beginning of this is in February 1899 guangxuehui of Shanghai published Social Evolution. Since then to the end of 1925, the October Revolution that marked the early introduction into (early introduction) and the early spread of two periods. The first reason is the attitude and purpose towards Marxism is complete different; the second reason is that influence and role of Marxism in China is very different in two periods. Early Chinese Marxism in the period 1905 to form the United Democrats sector is divided into two stages. The reason is the bourgeois revolutionaries is different with the Church and the bourgeoisie reformists .they tried to absorb Marxist doctrine into their socialist ideology, accept the Marxist doctrine in some certain . Early introduction of Marxism in China has two characteristics: First, as a proletarian revolutionary theory of Marxism, in China, the first main body is the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeois intellectuals ; Second , participation on the Marxist factions are complex, had different purposes. Early introduction of Marxism in China has its role: Although varied people had the lack of a comprehensive, profound, and even a distortion of, but in an objective for the spread of Marxism in China played a leading role.Early transmission period is divided into three stages: from July 1918 to May 1919 the first of Marxism in China spread, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Li Da started up in the initial spreading of Marxism in China, although the time of Marxism in the Chinese media the scope and size, but after the May 4th Movement of Marxism in China is the basis for the wide dissemination. From May 1919 to July 1921 initial widespread, Li Dazhao began in May 1919 published "My Marxist concept" is a Marxist system in China has begun to spread signs at the same time, the propaganda front in the expanding, and publishing some Marxist books; acceptance, the spread of Marxism in the development team, have a number of research; the study of Marxist groups. From July 1921 to December 1925 early-depth widespread dissemination and further system introduced Marxist theory, produce a number of publicity-Marxist theory, founder of the spread of Marxism published, and published a lot of Marxism works. Marxism in China from the initial introduction to the widely disseminated very rapidly, this is due to Marxism itself is a scientific truth, and more importantly, China is in line with the needs of society at that time.Chapter II, Marxism in China early transmission characteristics: First, the main transmission is single, broad scope. Marxism in the early spread of the main only a preliminary communist ideology and the intellectuals in the early transformation from Marxist. Belonging to the proletariat and other working people in the revolutionary struggle against the Marxist ideological weapon in China, initially confined to the dissemination of advanced intellectuals, and the real master of this theory should be the broad masses of the working class but at this time it does not fully grasp. Second, the spread of Marxism is not a comprehensive system. China's revolutionary struggle against the urgent situation, made in China on Marxist theory of the spread, not shown, uneven characteristics. China and the old democratic revolution the new democratic revolution, makes Marxism in China has shown the spread of the spread of believers and non-believers on the parallel characteristics. Third, the introduction of non-believers to spread the faith constitute added. Hu Hanmin and Dai Jitao took party in introducing Marxism participation of after the Russian Revolution . Marxism in China early spread of significance: First, promoted the ideology of the Chinese people maturity.Advanced elements in the spread of Marxism in the process of exposing the true colors of imperialism, the Chinese people's anti-imperialist thinking of a new development, and progress toward imperialism to a rational understanding stage, and promote advanced Chinese people have abandoned the assets class of roads, the choice of the scientific socialism. Second, promoted the birth of the Communist Party of China. Marxism and the Communist Party of China is the result of combining labor movement, which is the Marxist theory on Party building one of the most fundamental principles of a preliminary communist ideology of intellectuals and the resulting development from the early Marxist commitment to the working class This spread of Marxist historical mission.Third, promoted the historical process of China's revolution. National Revolution and the rise of victory, the KMT is in the first on the basis of cooperation, and the first KMT-CPC cooperation in the political foundation of the new Three People's Principles to a large absorbed Lenin's theory of the colonial peoples and the acceptance of adoption. Marxism in China in the early also showed some limitations:the spreading of Marxist theory in the formulation of some of the concepts is not accurate enough, the understanding to Marxist principles is not accurate enoughChapter III, Marxist theory has its unique characteristic,this make it attacked by bourgeois'and petty bourgeois'various ideas .From 1919 to 1922, China's early Marxist debated with Hu Shi's reformism , Zhang Dongsun and Liang Qichao's guild socialism ,Huang Lingshuang and Ou Shengbai's anarchism . Arguing with Hu Shi'reformism , Marxist pointed out that must carry on the radical transformation to the Chinese society guiding by Marxism, started realize that must unify to Marxism's revolutionary theory with the social reality. Arguing with the anarchism, they promoted the revolutionary intellectual to clearly recognize anarchism's counter-mobility, accepted the Marxism, has laid the ideological foundation for Communist Party of China's establishment. Arguing with"the socialism controversy", they proposed explicitly that capitalist road is Chinese correct choose, disseminated the Marxism social revolution theory, helped the model member to get rid of the reformism's influence. In the meantime, Chinese early Marxist also carries on the theory critique to viewpoints of two side in science and metaphysics debate, statism, Dai Jitao principle and so on.Through theoretical criticism, Marxist vetoed various anti-Marxist thinking's erroneous ideas, attacked the landowners, the big bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie reactionary right-wing's thinking ; Explicitly,divided Marxism's scientific nature, revolutionary and other ideological trend's fantasy, the counter-mobility separates out, made a clear distinction between the Marxism and the non-Marxism boundary;And further promoted the Marxist the further spread in China, developed the Chinese Communist Party's theory, promoted Chinaese revolution .Since then Marxism spread in China soon, the Chinese Marxist were early theory and criticism in the debate in the grasp of Marxist theory is not accurate enough, profound, some opponents of the polemic views critical flaws such .Chapter IV, early Chinese Marxism didn't see the Marxism as a only theory that to be studied, but as an ideological weapon for guiding the revolution, observing Chinese destiny and solve the practical problems. They inherited the Marxist basic theory on class , that in a class society, the state is means which a class oppress another class ,a product of class struggle, the proletariat is only through violent revolution to overthrow the reactionary ruling class, by the class struggle and proletarian revolution of the Chinese revolution are the only way to win. They pointed out the masses of the people in the development of society by the great role of intellectuals and workers and peasants proposed combination of the worker and peasant masses organize the correct position to find victory of the Chinese revolution in the correct strength. They inherited Marx and Engels'basic idea on achieving social fairness and justice that realize social equity and justice only through the establishment of the no exploitation, no oppression of an ideal society, that is the achievement of China's socialism. Although limited by the historical and understanding conditions ,their social fairness and justice on the idea is not enough accurate , but they clearly declared that through establishing socialism is the only road to achieve fairness and justice in China, the industry and put behind the establishment of a socialist society in China would be a long process, maintain the socialist commodity currencies under the terms of the relationship, such as valuable distribution according to work thinking. Communist had develop two major anti-imperialist revolutionary program, and after, identified with the KMT cooperation, the establishment of the principle of the united front put forward in the democratic revolution of the proletariat in the leadership, the establishment of the worker-peasant alliance, a united front with the bourgeoisie strategy, the Chinese revolution and the world revolution, the democratic revolution in the armed struggle and so important thinking. The basic idea of the new democratic revolution, more accurately reflected the objective laws of the Chinese revolution, was Marxism with the actual conditions of China a major progress. It was the seeds of New Democracism Theory. At the same time, they also failed to show a genuine resolve the issue of leadership of the proletariat in democratic revolution, had lack of understanding to the relationship between democratic revolution and the socialist revolution.