The Central Position Of Labor Category In Marx Philosophy

As the most basic perceptual activities, labor includes two elements: nature and spirit of the existence of intrinsic structure of human. In Marx philosophy, on the one hand, from the viewpoint of difference between man and nature, category of labor is the essence of human being or free conscious activities, consequently ,labor of people are inherency ;On the other hand ,from the viewpoint of the relation between human and nature, labor has the characteristic of externalism, namely individual takes labor as the method which makes a living, and does not regards the labor itself as the goal or the essence of him, thus labor is also external in individual ,this is the meaning of labor externalism .It has manifested human's natural attribute .The unification of inherency and externalism of labor, namely the two-dimensional structure of labor, showing the contradiction of labor itself, that is the basic connotation of labor category in Marx philosophy.The category of labor which is in the central position in Marx philosophy, is the framework of historical materialism founded by Marx. Based on the generation of labor's two-dimension structure, or the movement of labor's own contradictions, Marx philosophy reveals the history of dialectics on the development of human society.Inherency and externalism of labor regards the division of labor and etc. as an intermediary,it is carried out in the interaction. On the one hand, through regional, national productivity, the inherency of labor has taken the form of productivity, and develops to human productive forces which have the ability to have a comprehensive system in a capitalist society, that is the domain of human freedom; On the other hand, the externalism or externality of labor, has taken the form of relations of production, through exchange and private ownership, generates the alienation of labor and capital in capitalist society ,then formats other social relations and develops personal ability one-sided, being in survival of alienation living model, losing transcendence or freedom; this is a double of the human world. This process, productivity in its development as a manifestation of inherency of labor not only constantly sublets labor externalism or Backward relations of production so as to promote the process of historical progress, but also a process to sublets "the dependence of people" relation and formats a "material dependent "relation. In capitalist society, human productive forces make the material wealth full flow, providing material conditions for discarding "material dependent " relation and the appearing horizon of freedom kingdom. The elimination of private ownership will be able to make a lot of surplus labor or material wealth into free time. During the free time, the labor and contacts for the purpose of people develop their own capacity , on the one hand, access to the comprehensive development of individuals, on the other hand, eliminates the purpose of working for making a living so that deconstruct the labor structure of two-dimension,and has been gradually bridging the double of the human world, constantly abandoning "substance dependence" relation, and make the formation of a free personality. In other words, with the labor activity itself gradually becoming the first needs , human has achieved freedom realm through surpassing their own intrinsic natural given characteristic.Philosophy is the conscious of human freedom spirit.Since Descartes, in the main structure of subject-object, the modern Western philosophy placed the freedom of the people in the basis of unlimited Dominating external nature. Hegel's philosophy tried to bridge the subject-object split, but it showed only in the world of the concept. Marx philosophy regards labor as the core concept .It is not only able to make "Archimedean point" of the philosophy transfer to the perceptual labor activities ,but also lay pursuing the freedom on the foundation of people beyond their own intrinsic natural point in virtue of a highly developed productive forces, and through the bridging of labor to deconstruct the subject-object structure of traditional metaphysics. Thus, it reverses fundamentally the values of Western culture in modern times. It points out the reality path for eliminating the negative impact of technical rationality ,and alleviating the increasing intensification of contradiction between human and nature, man and man in the modern world.