The Concept Of "labor" In Economic And Philosophical Manuscripts Of 1844 And The Turn Of The Young Marx's Self-concept

The "Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844"is of great significance in the development and evolution of Marx's view of freedom,and is an important node in the reform of Marx's idea of freedom.Marx used the concept of labor as a starting point to criticize the political economy of civil society,and realized a change in his view of freedom.An in-depth analysis of the "labor-freedom" concept in the Manuscript and clarification of misunderstanding by academia have important theoretical and practical significance.Arendt,Marcuse,Habermas,Baudrillard and other Western Marxists tried to solve the ills of capitalist society by restructuring the "labor-freedom" concept in the Manuscript,but due to misunderstanding of Marx's labor concept,they believe that Marx's labor concept obscures or dissolves freedom.In fact,Marx has an internal basis for understanding freedom based on labor,through continuous advancement from self-awareness to legal philosophy,political country,and civil society,Marx saw that the relationship between capital and labor is the axis problem of the modern social system.In theory,Marx has achieved philosophical change through the inheritance and critique of the labor-free thought pedigree of Hegel's speculative philosophy,classical political economy,and utopian socialism since Locke.In reality,through continuous research on the problems of material interests and the study of civil society,Marx established the position of the proletariat,and finally achieved a shift in his view of freedom with the unique concept of labor in the Manuscript.Marx believes that nature,society,and people themselves are the products of object-oriented labor,and human freedom can only be achieved through object-oriented labor.Marx believes that the natural world is the product of human labor,and through object-oriented labor,the unity of subject and object and the combination of freedom and necessity are realized.Human beings are social beings,and their social relations are formed in objectification activities.The physical existence and the five senses are all the result of the continuous self-creation in labor.However,in the capitalist society based on private ownership,the alienation of labor makes labor,which should be self-confirmed,become a livelihood labor,and people are not free and one-sided,and the contradictory movement of labor and capital is also a historical movement process of human freedom.According to Marx,human freedom can only be achieved through free labor,and free labor requires real communist revolutions.Marx believes that communism is a complete sublation of private property and alienation.In the communist society,the contradiction between man and nature,man and man,man and class has been solved,it is the return of man to the real man,the complete liberation of the essence of power,and also the true realization of human freedom.The reason why Western Marxists question Marx's concept of freedom is that they did not see the difference between objectified labor and alienated labor in the Manuscript,and ignored the historical nature of Marx's labor concept.The"labor-freedom" view in the "Manuscript" is the sublation and transcendence of the previous view of freedom,which is of fundamental significance to the formation of Marx's view of scientific freedom.Both the "fracture theory" and the "two-transition theory" have ignored its great theoretical significance.As western concepts of equality and freedom continue to pour into China,the "labor-freedom"concept in the Manuscript also has important guiding significance for the correct understanding of freedom as the core value of socialism.