Free And Comprehensive Development Of The Theory Of Marxism, Of The Historical Process Of Research

Marxism is the theory about the human liberation. To realize the overall and free development of human beings is the value standpoint, the theoretical purpose and basic ideas that run through Marxism, and is the basic value pursuit of socialism. So it's also a basic criterion that judges the Sinicization of Marxism . Regarding the human liberation as his mission and with the purpose of searching for the path from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom, Marx analyzed deeply the root of all sorts of restrictions that limit human development and predicted scientifically the path that human beings will go through an experience from the human's dependence to the human's independence basing on the material dependence, then towards the free individuality. He stipulated the overall and free development of human beings as the basic principle of the communism and indicated scientifically the specific way to realize the free and comprehensive development . Marx left behind a complete and scientific liberation theory for the humanity.The early Chinese Marxians and the collective leadership of the party and country with Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao at the core, consciously applied the theory of human's free and comprehensive development of Marxism to the historical process of socialist revolution and construction from the urgent need of China's independence and the Chinese people's liberation. The road of liberation and development with Chinese characteristics have come into being when they understood and treated the issue of human for the socialismFacing the dual mission of enlightenment and salvation, the early Chinese Marxians including Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai and so on as, explained scientifically Marxist theory of human's free and comprehensive development according to Marxism. They offered that socialism and human's development should be unified,so the liberation of personality and Datong solidarity should be. They explored the specific ways of Marx on realizing human's liberation. Take for example that the reform of social system basing on the reform of economic system is the fundamental solution to realize the proletarian liberation, the common people is the main strength in changing the society and the self-liberation, to realize the proletariat and masses' liberation with the revolutionary way," etc. These ideas gave a better theorical enlightenment to this theory being accepted in China.In Mao Zedong's times, multiple oppression and the exploitation by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism highlighted intensely the time topic of liberation which the Chinese people requested. The first generation of collective leadership with Mao Zedong at the core regarded socialism as a system guaranteeing people's rights to be masters of their own affairs and a revolutionary goal. Around the revolutionary task which saved the nation he explained fully Marx's humanism thought and made theoretical achievements. At the same time, he led the Chinese people to carry on the arduous revolutionary war, finally overthrew "three big mountains", cut off the "four big ropes" which tied up the Chinese people, set up a socialist new China, created the political premise which the Chinese people were masters of own affairs, and realized the first landmark leap on the path of liberating Chinese people. However socialist system's establishment was only to provide a political environment for the Chinese people's development, it could not realize person's development automatically. Mao Zedong understood socialism mainly from some essential features such as the structure of ownership of Production Means and so on, which led to the leftist errors that emphasized the one-sided pursuit of the big, public and pure productive relations and made in practice the mistake deviating from person's value orientation of socialism.The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee not only opened a big screen of reform in the new time, but also drove forward the human's development into a new page—an evolution stage of the theory of socialist people's free and comprehensive development with Chinese characteristics. The 2nd generation leadership of the Communist Party with Deng Xiaoping at the core broke the thinking trend of prior understanding socialism from the fundamental features. With taking a self-question of what socialism is and how to build it, they took satisfying people's wants as the basic value of socialism, made the common prosperity as the ultimate goal of the socialist nature and ushered a new starting point for the theory of people's free and comprehensive development with Chinese characteristics. In practice, basing on the benefit of the people and people's affluence,Deng Xiaoping was devoted to the construction of material civilization, made great efforts to develop the economy and liberate productive forces, and created a decisive prerequisite for the Chinese people to realize great development—the basis of material wealth. This is another leap for Chinese people towards the path of liberation. Through vigorously strengthening the building of socialist spiritual civilization, he also cultivated a group of new socialist man with "ideals, morals, talents and self-discipline", which not only provide spiritual motivation, intellectual support and ideological guarantee for the socialist modernization, but also emancipate the Chinese people's mind, improve the overall quality of the national people, and thus promote the the people's development.Facing the strong aspiration for extending the self-development after generally realizing the goal of a well-off society, the third generation leadership of the Communist Party with Jiang Zemin at the core, confrimed that the communist society was one in which people would be able to develop themselves freely and in an all-round way in the programmatic document to the Communist Party of China for the first time, and clearly explained the theoritical doctrine behind Marxist theory. At the same time, inheriting Deng Xiaoping's the socialist essence theory, they further identified promoting man's all-round development as the essential requirement of a new socialist society. They proposed that the development of person and society is a unity of the two historical processes. In the histroy of the Party's basic theory, they firstly affirmed that the value orientation of socialism with Chinese characteristics was to promote man's all-round development, which is the significant deepening and advancement of Marxist theory about the human's free and comprehensive development.After entering into the 21st century, in order to adapt to the human-centered concept of social development which rose in globe and the new pattern of building a Well-off society in an all-round way, the central leadership with Hu Jintao at the core put forward the view of scientific development according to the changes in the features of the times, and took it as the significant strategic concept which must be implemented and insisted for the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics. The view of scientific development clearly defined its people-oriented scientific connotation and put the people-oriented as ite essence and the core position. It was a breakthrough about the people's free and comprehensive development of Chinese Marxism from the theoretical shape to the practical. Ihe remarkable symbol is to propose the idea of "the man-oriented" in Party's ruling ideas for the first time and was another historic leap about the Sinicization of the theory on Marxist human's free and comprehensive development. Moreover, the man-oriented is still a kind of principle ruling and governing of the country. It replies the question about "who to rely on, how to develop and who to develop for" in the socialist development with Chinese characteristics. It embodies that the new central leadership with Hu Jintao at the core consciously put forward the aim of the former pursuit of the people's liberation into the concept of govening the country and operating mechanisms, and condtituted an organic unit with the movement of real society. So the theory of Marxism about the human's free and comprehensive development got a huge change form the abstract to the concrete and from the theory to the practice.Generally speaking, reviewing a century-road of Marxist theory about the human's free and comprehensive development in China, we can see that the collective leaderships of the Party and the country from the past, respectively with Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao at the cores, inherited the basic principle on Marxist human's free and comprehensive development and panned China's socialist revolution and construction with wholehearted concern for human being. The goal of the human's development was through from the blurred and even the deviated to the clear in Chinese socialist development, and finally became the leading value of socialism. In practice, standing seperately in different logical starting point and facing different time tasks, the collective leaderships of the Party and the country from the past designed the progressive goals of the human's development, successfully accomplished the historical mission regarding man's liberation under specific conditions, and opened a road of man's revolution and development with Chinese characteristics. The historical process of the Sinicization of the theory on Marxist human's free and comprehensive development presented basic features such as the same root of guiding thoughts, advance with times of the concept on governing the country, the time difference of designing goals and the stage evolution of practical advancement and so on. But because of being limited by the realistic circumstance of social development, there is a considerable distance from the ideal status of the human's free and comprehensive development that Marx had insisted on both in promotion of the theory and in the realization degree of the human's comprehensive development. It is quite arduous to really fulfil each person's free and comprehensive development. In the future practice, it is supposed to avoid taking initial success as a perfect pattern which will delay the pace of advancement.