| Emerge of political power, marked the entry of human society from non-political political society to political society and all political activity and political behavior of human developed around political power, which require to solve three basic problems, namely, the attribution of political power, allocation of political power and operation of political power. For the first problem, the concept of people sovereignty has gained recognition in the human society in the 21st century, at least, countries and political parties who openly declared opposing democratic no longer exists. So, how to construct a reasonable allocation of political power mode to minimize the negative impact of political power, becomes a subject we have not yet completed.Allocation mode of political power during the past thousands of years in china is the mode of feudal autocratic monarchy, which core is the emperor. Since the Opium War, facing the change so-called three thousands years have not seen, the traditional allocation model of political power was clearly insufficient to meet the challenges of the new world situation, therefore, realize the transformation of allocation model of political power to realize the modernization of Chinese politics . People with lofty ideals of modern China found a transformational goal of allocation model of political power political power goals from the west, which is democracy and constitution using Constitution to allocate political power. The first step in modern China allocating political power by the Constitution began in the context of forced by situation. In order to retrieval, the Qing dynasty government carried a 10-years political reform trying to reallocate political power. However, the Qing government collapsed with the guns of the 1911 revolution, the first try to achieve the transition of allocation mode of political power completely failed.The Nanjing provisional government hastily born in the 1911 revolution had a process of awareness and debate about how to choose and construct their own allocation mode of political power. In this process, Song Jiao-Ren's voice gradually cleared. Hailed as"Shu Sun-Tong of the democratic republic in the future"and"Chinese Jefferson", Song Jiao-Ren had a clear understanding on the construction of allocation mode of political power and played a major role. The thesis attempts to interpret Song Jiao-Ren's political thought from the perspective of the history of political thought, which pays attention to the origin and evolution and the internal logic of his political thought, and stressed that analyzing the design of allocation mode of political power and its realizing way in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China from the perspective of institutional design.In the introduction, the thesis expounds the background of its issues and points out that studying Song Jiao-Ren and the transformation of allocation mode of political power would make up the idea break and provide some references for political reform in china. In the introduction, the thesis studies the current researching situation of Song Jiao-Ren in China and overseas, and brings forward the researching access of this thesis.The first chapter describes the life and the thought evolution of Song Jiao-Ren. The thesis divides Song Jiao-Ren's life into three stages, namely the early political thought and activities, designing the Constitution of the Republic and bloodshed for the constitution, and recalled Song Jiao-Ren's outstanding talent and his contribution to China's democracy and constitution in his the short life. Republican Constitution and democracy is the essence of political modernization and the goal which Chinese people with lofty ideals in modern china struggling to pursue, so, Song Jiao-Ren Constitutional thought has an irreplaceable position in history of constitutional thought in modern China. Song Jiao-Ren addicted himself to political practice of the early Republic China with his political ideals and beliefs, which death broke the dream of a democratic constitutional government in early Republican China, and left his footprints in the constitutional history with his blood.The second chapter describes the idea of allocation mode of political power of Song Jiao-Ren. Song Jia-Ren addicted himself to constitutional democracy and stand to construct a parliamentary republic who thought that constitutional democracy is a powerful tool and method to build a strong country. Song Jiao-Ren's ideal allocation mode of political power is that attaching importance to the role of parliament and standing that the leader of the majority party in parliament would take up the post of the prime minister and the prime minister should organize the Cabinet which be responsible to parliament, and the president simply to enjoy high status and reputation of the state. Song Jiao-Ren inclined British-style two-party system in particular political party system.The third chapter describes Song Jiao-Ren's practice of the transformation of allocation mode of political power. In this chapter, the thesis firstly describes Song Jiao-Ren's practice of political party cabinet, listing the Song Jiao-Ren's efforts in the Chinese United League, struggles insisting on the responsible cabinet system, organization of Chinese Nationalist Party and participation in parliamentary elections. Song Jiao-Ren's opinion of allocation mode of political power not only consists in his drafting documents for Chinese Nationalist Party, political commentary and speech, but also reflected in his several drafting legal texts detailed and exactly. The thesis analyses Song Jiao-Ren's concrete specific design of allocation mode of political power represented pattern plate of E Zhou provisional constitution, and thinks that the E Zhou provisional constitution created a new era in the history of the Chinese Constitution with its idea, principles, content and form of modern constitution, and provided a ideological and institutional possibilities for realizing the ideal of constitutionalism in China at last.The fourth chapter describes Song Jiao-Ren and the transformation of allocation mode of political power in the Late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. This chapter elaborates the basic theory of political power and its allocation mode, demonstrates why the human society should have political power, approaches the basic content of political power allocation, analyzes traditional allocation mode of political power in china and recalls the transformation try of allocation mode of political power in late Qing's new politics. In addition, this thesis further expounds the positions and ideas of Song Jiao-Ren through Song Jiao-Ren's criticizing on late Qing's new politics and its allocation mode of political power.In the end, the thesis draws a simple conclusion that Song Jiao-Ren's political practice started the process of political modernization in modern China.
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