Study On The Interaction Between Social Policy And Social Transformation

From the perspective of Social Mutual-construction, public policy supply promotes social transformation;and social transformation push the policy-based policy supply forward to institutionalized supply which push the society moving towards a new modernity. The social policy agenda setting mode is a tentative explanation of the mechanism of mutual-construction between state and society. It reveals the history, the present and the future of their mutual-shaping from the perspective of public participation in the policy making process.That public policy supply promotes social transformation is not only the logic origin of this article but also the beginning of the mutual-shaping between state and society:state shape society. The elements of public policy (subject, problem, target and information etc.) presents non-public features such as monopoly, subjective, unfairness and non-shared. The unfairness of public policy leads to social exclusion, which can be exterminated only by effective public participation in policy making process.Social policies are closely related to the interests of the people, and social exclusion is highly connected to social policies,so,this article will take them as the basic of discussion. Wether the public participate in the process of policy setting and wether the public benefited the from the policy are the two dimensions from which we construct "embedded-stakeholders" indicators to summarize the evolution of social policy since the founding of the People's Republic of China and the roles people take during the course.From1949to1978, the social policy are fair-oriented and the public are non-embedstakeholders;from1978to2003, they are development-oriented and the public impair from non-embed;since2003, social policies seek to promote the livelihood of people, and the public are stakeholders of embedded,"embedded" here refers to the whole course of social policy-making,mainly including the stages of agenda setting (including options) and policy decision-making. By analysing the process of social policy changing triggered by "Sun Zhigang incident" and the unexpected results of the implementation of new policy, we found that public participation in policy agenda setting is most critical.The logical starting point of social policy making is not to solve social problems, but rather to meet the needs of the public,so,full participation of the public in the stage of policies agenda setting is the best way for them to express their needs and to integrate interests of all partise.By portraing the mode of how the public participate in policies agenda setting,we find that institutionalized channels for the public are limited, so non-conventional behavior is becoming important for them to express their interests. From the perspective of interaction among agenda setting subject:decision makere, lites and common people, the evolution routes of policies agenda setting were concluded:authority-led type, economic-led type, multiple subject interaction type. The route is decided by the interaction between state and society in the course of social transformation, or in other words,it is the result of the mutual construction of state power, market power and social power. For all these three powers to fit each other and to mutual-construct, appropriate legal mechanisms and explanation mechanisms are needed. Agenda setting is one such "field" where state, market and society can reach a consensus in expressing mutual speech and approval of the legitimacy of mutual power and the rationality of each other's interests.Social power is the weakest one compared to state power and social power but is the most initiative. Non-conventional behavior is a strong expression when the public's rational interests can't be met.It is "life-oriented politic" which need to be guided and secured systematically. The supply of policy must be changed from a Policy-based way into institutionalized supply way in order to meet the needs of social development and to balance with state and market. The nature of consultative democracy is public participation which not only nurtures non-government organization but also facilitates the construction of public opinion, and is the best democracy system correspondence to the intrinsic value of the agenda setting. The logical end of this article is that policy-based supply turns into institutionalized supply. Such a change is not only an end point of the stages that mutual-shaping between state and society but also a start point of next stage.A stage features with transformation, evolution, transmutation, turning, together with interaction between each parts. It's not a verbal chick but the most significant feature of contemporary:rapid transformation intertwined with duality and complexity. The characteristics of this age indicates the implication of this article and what is not yet expressed:the mutual-shaping of state and society in the next stage.Policy-based supply turns into institutionalized supply will promote a new social transformation:old modernity marching into a new one. And this process of social transformation will lead to a new stage of social policy evolution:developmental social policy or investmental social policy. This is not only the result of rational logical derivation, but also what we have seen and are about to see in the future.