The Experiment On Intuitive Decision-making In Handball Situation & The Primary Theory Construction On Sport Institution

Sport intuition was studied in this paper with the empirical and theoretical methods. First of all, on the background of the philosophy researches about intuition, this study illuminated and analyzed the points of views about intuition from different schools of philosophy, put forward to change the epistemology and methodology of intuition research and to study intuition by the objective and rational theory and methods. Then this study reviewed the literatures about intuition from some schools of psychology, esp. cognitive psychology, and brought forward that some basic points of view and methods shall be followed in the study about sport intuition, such as to study intuition by the empirical methods, to take intuition as an advanced ability of problem-solving and make a research in the situation of problem-solving, to take an expert-novice paradigm, to reinforce the task difficulty and to explore the self-confidence level when subjects solves the task. And this study analyzed the status of sport intuition and problems that existed in the literatures, and established the thought to look for the typical intuitive phenomena in the sport situation for an empirical research. At the same time this study used the research headway of sport decision-making, unconsciousness and implicate cognition for reference and tried to study the intuition phenomena in the open sport events, put forward the thinking way to prove the existence of intuitive decision-making in sport by the comparison and the difference between intuitive decision-making and cognitive decision-making. On the basis of the above analysis and thinking, this study made an experiment construction certain, brought forward a suitable set of theory, model, methods and techniques for an empirical research of sport intuition, gave a definition of the intuitive decision-making in sport and brought through the block for sport intuition not to be easily studied.Handball Situation Decision-making Test System was designed and exploited. The results showed that the system is an objective, standard test system with high validity and creditability, which satisfied the demand of the study, realized the predicted functions and can be connected with database and can be easily extended.This study divided decision-making into cognitive decision-making and intuitive decision-making in sport. It proved that intuitive decision-making existed in the sport of handball. That is to say, the individuals, esp. experts can make a rapid, direct and probable (higher than the random probability and not completely exact) decision in the rapid, uncertain (not to be predicted), complex handball situation under the heavy time stress.This study proved that the intuitive decision-making and the cognitive decision-making were the two different tasks with different characters, which the speed of experts in the intuitive decision-making was more rapid than that in the cognitive decision-making. The individuals of different levels had different veracities in the decision-making, which the veracities of experts were better than that of novices in the intuitive decision-making and the cognitive decision-making. This study also proved that the level of self-confidence of the experts matched with the veracity of their decision-making. The speed and veracity of decision-making were restricted each other, and there was a higher relationship between the same index of the cognitive decision-making and the intuitive decision-making.This study set up the theory of sport intuition primarily and put forward some point of view such as: (1) Sport intuition is a kind of thinking for athletes to solve the problem directly, rapidly with the limited information in the complex sport situation. (2) Sport intuition has some characters such as rapidness, probability, directness, situational, difference among sport levels, limitation for information, intuition process with the self-confidence to the veracity of results. (3) Sport intuition belongs to the hypogenous concept of intuition, which is an advanced level...