Evaluation Of Olympics-related Efficiency Based On Dea

As the largest-scale sport event globally, Olympic Games, especially the Summer Olympics, have gained increasingly more attention and have exerted significant influ(?)nce on hosting countries. By hosting this event, the comprehensive strengthen, national culture and ideology of each country can be extended. Each time nations, without exception, struggle for the Olympic Metals to demonstrate their strength, to enhance honor of nationality. Meanwhile hosting countries seize this golden opportunity to develop commerce, to improve the image of the hosting cities even that of the countries. The 2008 Olympic Games, which will be held in the capital city of China, will surely exert great influence on Beijing, as well as the economy and social development of China.Therefore, it is of great necessity to carry out scientific research on Olympic Games which mainly include two aspects: first, the method of evaluating the comprehensive performance of participant nations, that is, the Olympic participating efficiency; second, the method of evaluating successful hosting, that is, the Olympic hosting efficiency. The above research will not only help nations improve their achievements but help hosting countries enlarge impact of Olympic economy. So in this thesis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is adopted to carry out systematic research on the above problems. The thesis is divided into eight chapters as follows:The first chapter is introduction. First the denotation and connotation of the concept, Olympic Efficiency, are interpreted to make clear the purpose of the research. Then the current methods of evaluating the efficiency are introduced especially the basic principle and application of DEA. Next, the main content of research in this thesis is proposed on the bases of introducing the present research. At last, the method and significance of research in this thesis are explained in detail and the structure of the thesis is presented as well.In the second chapter, the present documents are researched thoroughly and the research of evaluating the Olympic Efficiency is all presented to illustrate the feasibility of DEA for this research. Then the value of present research and its enlightenment on this thesis and its shortage are explained. Thus problems which need immediate attention are introduced to make clear the significance of this thesis for relevant research. (Limits included)Chapter three to chapter seven not only constructs the main body, but also includes the main innovations of the thesis. Chapter three to chapter five are about the Olympic efficiency evaluation of participant nations, which analyses three topics: the Olympic efficiency evaluation, Olympic ranking, the efficiency evaluation of Olympic events and its resource allocation. The research on the Olympic efficiency evaluation of hosting nations is in the sixth chapter and seventh chapter, which discuss two questions: one is about the choice of the evaluation indications; the other is how to apply the indications to the practice research.Chapter three studies a DEA model suitable for the Olympic efficiency evaluation of participant nations. On the base of discussions about pitfalls of classic approach of the Olympic efficiency evaluation, this chapter develops a fixed sum output DEA model, namely FSO-DEA. With the application of FSO-DEA to the Olympic efficiency evaluation, We discuss the opponent selection rule for an evaluated DMU to reach efficient in a most efficient way. A scheme is also proposed to rank the efficient units. The model is applied to an Olympic ranking problem. Results suggest the strong diagnosing power of FSO-DEA models.The fourth chapter advances a fair and full ranking method based on DEA. First the pitfalls of traditional DEA-based ranking techniques are discussed. Then presents a six-stage DEA-based approach to give a fair and full ranking for all DMUs under evaluation. Following the five logics, this approach behaves greatly elaborately, accurately and reasonably. Finally, the results from the Olympic achievement evaluation prove the acceptability of this approach.The research of Chapter five is based on the non- homogeneity among the Olympic events. According to the feature of non-homogeneous subsystems, a DEA model is proposed to analyze the efficiency within con-esponding industry and the whole system, then the efficiency of each subsystem and the whole system is evaluated. Furthermore, an extended DEA model is suggested to effectively allocate the input resources to achieve the purpose of maximizing the efficiency of the whole system, which will hopefully shed light on the related practice.From the perspective of hosting nations, chapter six fully analyses the economic impact of Olympic Games on the hosting city or hosting country, and constructs a system of evaluative indications for the impact of Olympic Games based on previous achievements. Hopefully, these indications not only can be applied in the evaluation of the economic impact of certain Olympic Games, but the comparative study among games.Chapter seven presents practical research on base of indications in the sixth chapter. First enormous data about the economic impact of the Olympics are gained by scanning documents, then two-phase DEA evaluation model is applied and appropriate Input-Output indicators are chosen. Based on the above information, the DEA comparative evaluation and completely ranking for the eight successive games are conducted in terms of short-term economic impact. The results demonstrate that only the Tokyo 1964, the Los Angles 1984 and the Seoul 1988 achieved DEA efficiency and the impact decreases successively. In the end, the relevant factors that affect the short-term Olympic economies are analyzed to provide proves for extending the related impact.The last chapter summarizes all the work of the thesis, and gives some useful suggestions for futures research.The research results of this thesis provide some new methods for Olympics-efficiency and further extend DEA theory. Contribution of this thesis are briefly summarized as follows: a FSO-DEA model suitable for the Olympics-efficiency is provided; a fair and full ranking method based on DEA is developed and applied to Olympic Ranking; considering non- homogeneity among the Olympic events, new DEA models are explored for Olympics-efficiency and its resource allocation. From the perspective of the hosting nations, a system of evaluative indications for the impact of Olympic Games is studied and applied to the short-term economic impact evaluation of Olympic Games.