Effects Of Pyruvate Supplement On Body Composition & Lipometabolism Of Rats & Athletes And Its Mechanism

Pyruvate is a mediate product of glycometobolism and lipometabolism and amino acid metabolism. Some studies showed that pyruvate supplementation could reduce the body's lipoprotein and cholesterol in serum and restrain weight and lipid gain. The effects of pyruvate supplement could enhance energy consume and decrease weight and body fat. The dissertation was based on such studies as animal and human trial. Male swimming rats and Shanshou athletes as experimental objects were selected separately and the effects of pyruvate supplement on body composition and lipometabolism were observed in an attempt to measure some index regarding swimming rats'physic-biochemical and molecular biology in serum and liver and hypothalamus as well as Shanshou athletes'anthropometrics and biochemical variables. At the same time, the effects and mechanism of pyruvate supplement on body composition and lipometabolism during exercise should be discussed.38 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: placebo control group (PC), training control group (TC), supplement control group (SC) and training and supplement group (ST). All rats were in normal diets and drink at random. The trail lasted for 4 weeks: in the first week swimming time was incremental and in the later 3 weeks the time lasted 1 hour. During the trail, the training control group and the training and supplement group swam by means of the non-load, and meanwhile, these two groups respectively performed exhaust swimming with the 15g load at the end of the second week and completion of the trail. 3 hours before exercise, supplement control group and training and supplement group were supplied with 60 mg/ ml Arabia glue pyruvate solution by means of lavage; at the same time, placebo control group and training control group with 10% Arabia glue solution. According to results of weight monitor, the solution was adjusted once every 3 days in all groups. All rats were killed on the condition of acute-exsanguine after 12 hours of fasting. The heart, liver, retropeanol fat pads, epididymal fat pads and circumrenal fat pads were anatomized and weighted in. 5～8 ml blood was collected from the aortoliac artery so as to analyze the index of lipoprotein, lipase and hormone in serum. Leptin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptin receptor (OB-R) mRNA in hypothalamus were determined, so was hepatic glucose. Results showed that: 1) There were no side effects of pyruvate supplement on growth and performance in rats and swimming rats. Pyruvate should be a kind of safe and effective nutritional complementation. 2) Supplement of pyruvate can weaken weight and body fat gain(p<0.05)and feeding(p<0.05)remarkably, which have an effect on controlling weight and body fat gains in swimming rats. 3) Supplement of pyruvate can decrease serum TC level in rats dramatically(p<0.05) and lead to a rising tendency of serum HDL-C level in rats and swimming rats, and decrease serum LDL-C level in swimming rats obviously(p<0.05), which indicates a steady and persist effect in the aspect of falling blood lipoprotein, and better effects should be reflected particularly after combined with exercises. 4) Supplement of pyruvate can increase serum LPL levels remarkably(p<0.05)and decrease serum HL level but no significant statistical difference in rats and swimming rats, decrease serum T4 levels during resting obviously(p<0.05)in rats and reduce serum T4 levels to certain extent in swimming rats. It indicated that pyruvate supplement could regulate lipometabolism in rats and swimming rats by means of the effect on enzyme and hormone levels. 5) Supplement of pyruvate can increase leptin of cerebrospinal fluid(p<0.05)and leptin receptor (OB-R) mRNA of hypothalamus remarkably(p<0.05), which could be an important cause of the change of feeding behavior and weight in rats and swimming rats.14 male Shanshou athletes in College team and 7 male ordinary undergraduates voluntarily took part in this research. According to weight, athletes were divided into two groups: training control group (tc) and supplement and training group (st). All athletes were subjected to the same Training condition and the same grade of performance with over 20 hours of training time a week. Ordinary students as the supplement control group (sc) were selected at random. 9g pyruvate calcium capsules were taken twice a day in supplement control and supplement and training group. At the same time, equipollent glucose capsules were compensated to training control group. The trail lasted for 21 days, during which athletes'training was normal. There were no differences in exercise loads and intension between the fore-and-aft trail. In the morning of fore-and-aft experiment, all subjects conducted the sidestep trail in order to determine VO2max indirectly. Height, weight and body composition index of all subjects were measured before-and-aft experiment. 5 ml vein blood was collected and centrifuged. Lipoprotein, glucose, free fat acid, insulin and leptin in serum should be analyzed. Results showed that: 1) Under the situation of non- intervention of diets and training, there should be no harms of pyruvate supplement to health and performance in Shanshou athletes during 3 weeks. 2) Compared with before pyruvate supplement, the athlete's weight , BMI and WHR decrease remarkably(P<0.05).It showed that the effects of pyruvate supplement on weight and body fat could be the same as those of exercises. Better effects should be showed when pyruvate supplement and exercise were combined. 3). After supplement pyruvate, the serum TG in athletes was significantly higher than that of the control athletes and students (p<0.05), so was the serum FFA in students than that of the control athletes (p<0.05). Compared with before pyruvate supplement, the serum HDL-C of athletes increases dramatically (p<0.05) and serum GLU levels in all subjects reduce remarkably (p<0.05). It showed that pyruvate supplement could be have stated effect on glycometobolism and lipometabolism of male Shanshou athletes. 4) Supplement of pyruvate can decrease serum insulin level in athletes dramatically(p<0.05) and lead to a rising tendency of serum leptin level in athletes and students, which should be a essential reason of leading to changes in the respects of weight and body fat and blood lipid.The conclusion indicated that pyruvate supplement could accelerate the speed of body energy metabolism and slower weight and body fat gain during exercises. Due to the influences of pyruvate supplement on the levels of enemies and hormones to adjust body lipometabolism during exercises, body blood lipid and glucose levels decreased, and the process of fat metabolism came under. These effects indicated pyruvate should be a kind of better weight loss and/or control supplementation. Better effects should be showed when pyruvate supplement and exercise were combined.