Rural Cultural Inheritance And Development Research In Social Transformation Period

Rural society is the basis of China. As an important component of the Chinese administrative districts, its stability and development are closely related to the stability and development of the whole society.The current social transformation is the comprehensive transformation of Chinese society, and social structure transformation is the main part. On the one hand, transformation promotes the structural changes of rural society. On the other hand, it results in fierce impact on the inheritance and development of rural culture. Culture is stabilizer and binder of the society. The existence and development of rural culture are of vital significance to the stability and development of the rural society, especially in the period of transformation. Therefore, doing the research on the inheritance and development of rural cultural with rural education as inheritance mechanism during the social transformation, will have far-reaching meaning to rural society even to the all-round development of Chinese society.This study takes B-village as respondents, social transformation as times and social background, development and changes of rural culture as clues. It uses the educational anthropology theories and methods to make diachronic tracing to the development and changes of rural culture, and also to describe the reality of the rural culture. Based on tracing and deep description, this study analyzes the phenomena and explores the reasons from the perspective of inheritance of rural culture. Through analysis and exploration, it obtains the awareness and understanding to the inheritance and development of rural culture. This study analyzes and expounds these problems through six chapters:The first chapter this chapter mainly introduces the origin, aim and significance of this study, and combs existing related researches. After that, this chapter puts forward the research idea, research approaches, objects selections in survey and the implementary steps.The second chapter this chapter introduces some basic situation of survey field in order to form the overall and preliminary understanding of survey field.The third chapter, the forth chapter and the fifth chapter offer deep descriptions and interpretations to rural cultural phenomena.These three sections take three periods of time,slack farming season, the period of Chinese New Year and the beginning of the New Year as time clues respectively.And the author chooses the typical cultural phenomena,guan guan tea, painting and calligraphy art and Qin Opera; clipart and Spring Festival couplets, the first three days of the New Year, traditional festivities and temple fair; the movement of people in rural society and so on, to do diachronic description and realistic survey. Through the deep descriptions and interpretations to above typical cultural phenomena, the study reveals that during social transformation period, rural culture is undergoing changes in the rural society. Parts of rural cultural phenomena have gradually faded out of people's life and the inheritance and development of rural culture is facing fracture etc.The sixth chapter this chapter is holistic backtracking and tracing analysis to the above rural cultural phenomena. With Chinese society into a new social transformation period, the changing forces, with social structure transformation as main part, have caused a series of social changes. These changing factors influence the rural society directly, or penetrate into the rural society indirectly. They are changing the original social structure of the rural society and the rural people's original living style and concept of life. Therefore they are changing the survival environment of rural culture. The rural society is turning to opening from enclosing, and the social relationship and pattern of benefit of the rural society are also changing.Due to massive rural labor forces moving out of rural areas, great changes has occurred in the population structure of the rural society and families. The labor force moving, the flow of social resources and the introduction of modern media such as television, video disk player, telephone, etc, are also endlessly importing external products, information and ideas into the rural society. As the status of the modern school is established in rural society, school education is occupying the rural lives of students in time and space gradually. These changing factors are not only slowly changing people's attitude toward life and the life style slowly, but also gradually changing people's modes of thinking and values. In this situation, the form of rural culture is existed in appearance but scattered in spirit, or is declining gradually, or is replaced by the new cultural elements. The social function of rural culture is distorted or ignored, and its value and meaning to the rural society are gradually dispelled.Therefore the further inheritance and development are affected. The shocks of the changing factors caused the fact that cultural transmitter initiatively or passively abandoned the responsibility of transferring rural culture; cultural learners are not on"site"and refuse to accept the rural culture; the rural culture stagnate or deteriorate. These series of problems prevented inheritance activities of rural culture from continuing, and blocked the development of rural culture.Based on the above understanding and analysis, the author thinks that, during the modern social transformation, the overall changes of social structure need corresponding adjustment of culture to adapt and coordinate to the development of society and human needs, so that the culture can exert its own function.But the understanding of the chances of the rural society and rural culture can not be separated from identifying with the value and the significance of the existence of rural society and rural culture. The reference system of the development and renewal of rural culture must be the external social environment and the social development requirements, and the conditions of development should be the inheritance on the basis of holding the self-confidence and self-esteem to rural culture, while the force of development ought to be the cultural self-consciousness based on the rural social development needs, and then the foundation of development must be the current condition of rural culture. At the mean time, when people set up self-confidence and self-esteem to rural culture, form adequate understanding of rural culture and inherit rural culture, rural education can not be ignored. Therefore, during modern social transformation period, we need to come back to the origin, to establish the value which fitting the characteristics of Chinese social development, and to rethink the inheritance and development issues of rural culture from coordinated development of the whole society and own characteristics of the rural society.