The Effect Of Balance Training On Table Tennis Athletes

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the effect of balance training on static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, proprioception, vestibular sensation and muscle strength of lower extremity. And it will provide theoretical and applying basis for balance training and core stability theory.Methods19 Table Tennis athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups: C group (technical training) and T group (technical training and 9 weeks balance training). We adopted Evert Verhagen's balance training(3time/week, 25~30minutes/time).We detected the static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, proprioception, vestibular sensation, muscle strength and elcetromyogram of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius at the beginning of technical training and balance training, at the end of the sixth week and the ninth week. The static balance ability was detected by Tetrax-Anaxiametric Posturography. The fall index and general stability of different eyes pose, support surface and head pose were measured. The dynamic balance ability and limits of stability were detected by Biodex Balance System with different pose (eyes open and both feet standing, eyes closed and both feet standing, eyes open and left/riaght foot standing). We measured the stability index, anterior/posterior stability index and medial/lateral stability index. In limits of stability test we measured direction control performance, forward direction control performance, back direction control performance, left direction control performance, right direction control performance, forward/left direction control performance, forward/right direction control performance, back/left direction control performance, back/right direction control performance and limits of stability time. Proprioceptive sense of lower extremity was detected by BIODEXⅢAP isokinetic system. The methods of proprioception test chosen were passive angle reproduction which angular speed is 2°/s and active angle reproduction which angular speed is 180°/s. In proprioception test the starting angle of ankle joint was at 25°of enstrophe and the target angle was at 15°of enstrophe. The starting angle of knee joint was at 90°of flexion and the target angle was at 30°of flexion. The starting angle of hip joint was at 0°of flexion and the target angle was at 30°of flexion. The deflexion of passive angle reproduction and active angle reproduction were detected. The muscle strength of lower extremity were detected by BIODEXⅢAP isokinetic system.. Peak torque, total work and average power were measured with isokinetic concentric contraction( at 60°/s×5 times and 180°/s×5 times). Elcetromyogram of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius in dynamic balance ability test was detected by MYOSYSTEM1200 metre. iEMG and MF of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were observed.Results1. In the 6th week ST of T group under NC, HB and HFposture is lower than that of C group. Fall index of T group under NC, HB and HFposture is lower than that of T group in 0 week. In the 9th week fall index and ST of T group under NO, NC, PO, PC, HBandHF posture is lower than that of C group. Fall index of T group under NC, HB and HFposture lower than that of T group in 0 week.2. In the 6th week SI of T group(double feet, eyes close)and SI, APSIandMLSI of T group(left foot, eyes open) is lower than those of C group. In 9th week SI and APSIof T group (double feet, eyes close)and SI, APSIandMLSI of T group(left foot, eyes open) is lower than those of C group.3. In the 9th week DC of T group is higher than that of C group. In the 9th weekDC, FDC, BDC, RDC, LDC, FRDC, BLDCand LOST is higher than that of C group.4. In the 6th week passive proprioceptive sense of left ankle, active proprioceptive sense and passive proprioceptive sense of left knee are lower than those of C group. The passive proprioceptive sense of left hip is lower than that of T group in 0 week. In the 9th week passive proprioceptive sense of left ankle, active proprioceptive sense and passive proprioceptive sense of left knee, passive proprioceptive sense of left hip and active proprioceptive sense and passive proprioceptive sense of right ankle are lower than those of C group. In the 9th week passive proprioceptive sense of left knee and right ankle are lower than those of T group in 0week.5. In the 9th week TW and AP of plantar flexion of right ankle (angle speed 60°/s), TW and AP of plantar flexion of left ankle (angle speed 60°/s) and AP of flexion of left knee (angle speed 180°/s)about C group are higher than those of C group in 0 week. In 9th week TW and AP of plantar flexion of right ankle (angle speed 60°/s), TW and AP of plantar flexion of left ankle (angle speed 60°/s) and AP of flexion of left knee (angle speed 180°/s)about T group are higher than those of T group in 0 week.6. In our study iEMG and MF of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius in C group and T group unchanged at the end of the 6th week and the end of the 9th week.Conclusions1. The static balance ability and dynamic balance ability of athlete were improved by 6 weeks balance training. The fall opportunity decreased after 9 weeks balance training, and direction control performance was improved by 9 weeks balance training.2. The static balance ability with the posture of dorsal spine changed and the static balance ability depending on proprioceptive sensation imput and vestibular sensation imput were improved by 6 weeks balance training. Not only the static balance ability depending on proprioceptive sensation imput and vestibular sensation imput but also the static balance ability depending on visual sensation imput was improved by 9 weeks balance training.3. The ability of control dynamic balance was improved by 6 weeks balance training. The stability depending on vestibular sensation imput with both feet standing and the stability depending on visual sensation imput and vestibular sensation imput with left foot standing increased after 6 weeks balance training. The ability of dynamic balance was improved by 9 weeks balance training.4. The proprioceptive sensation of left ankle, left knee and left hip were improved by 6 weeks balance training. Not only the proprioceptive sensation of left ankle, lefe knee and left hip but also the proprioceptive sensation of right ankle was improved by 9 weeks balance training.5. Muscle strength of lower extremity increased after 9 weeks technical training. But muscle strength of lower extremity did not increase after 9 weeks balance training.